It has become so pluralistic that any comparisons to that time are anachronistic. Anyone can read what you share. Yet, critics often point to the arrests and harassment of human rights lawyers in China as examples that the rule of law in China has actually regressed under Xis leadership. The political establishment, while certainly composed of some yes-men willing to do the presidents bidding, is by no means monolithic. In 1988, for example, Zhu Rongji, then mayor of Shanghai, visited the citys Dazhonghua Rubber Plant, where Han Zheng was employed. The loyalty oath was intended to protect students from so-called subversive teachers. Another proposed change would enshrine Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era in the constitutions preamble, following Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, and Deng Xiaoping Theory. The political establishment, while certainly composed of some yes-men willing to do the presidents bidding, is by no means monolithic. She received a technical education from the Anshan Institute of Iron and Steel Technology in Anshan City, Liaoning Province (196569)1. To better deter Russian subversion, we suggest concentrating defensive efforts on the most vulnerable regions and institutions and ensuring Further, Xis work report at the 19th Party Congress established the Central Leading Group of Rule of Law in the party and a constitutional review system in the state. Sun Chunlan comes from a humble background. Psychodynamic Perspective. It is likely that their friendship developed through growing up together in the same neighborhood. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . No further information is available on Suns family. However, Lius career path, especially over the past two decades, has closely mirrored that of former vice-premier and Politburo member Zeng Peiyan6. Xi's leadership has disillusioned liberal intellectuals since 2013, when authorities began cracking down on the open discussion of "seven subversive currents," including universal values . Mr. Xi has indicated that he wants a party meeting in the fall to endorse policies that would give market competition and private businesses a bigger role in the economy and Marxist stalwarts in the party are deeply wary of such proposals. After his time in Fujian, Xi served as governor of Zhejiang Province (2002) and party secretary of Zhejiang Province (200207). As vice premier in charge of Chinas finance and economic structural reforms, Liu plays a key role in implementing Xis economic agenda, including that of innovation-driven and environment-sensitive urbanization, prevention of financial crisis, and poverty alleviation. In the fall of 2013, Xi introduced Liu He to the U.S. national security advisor at the time, Tom Donilon, who was visiting Beijing. Xi Jinping is widely considered to be a protg of both former PRC president Jiang Zemin and former PRC vice-president Zeng Qinghong. Wang Qishans toughness, popularity among the Chinese public, expertise in finance, and international reputation have made him indispensable to Xi. See more. The daughter, Liu Hes half-sister, married Gong Zheng, the current governor of Shandong Province. For most of the Hu era, Li was seen as a possible successor to his mentor. 9, the number given to it by the central party office that issued it in April. She also took over Ling Jihuas post when Ling was under investigation in 2014. Wang was transferred to Guangdong Province in 1997 to serve as vice governor. In particular, Li has frequently called for mass entrepreneurship and innovation (, ). 101 School in the same district. Deep-ocean currents transport a volume of water equal to that of 100 Amazon-size rivers. Of the many noteworthy developments from this period, the following three efforts stand out: Anti-Graft Campaign With the support of his principal political ally in the PSC, anticorruption czar Wang Qishan, Xi launched a remarkably bold national anti-graft campaign. These seven perils were enumerated in a memo, referred to as Document No. He served as party secretary of a production brigade in the county (197678). Li joined the CCP in 1976. Hu has also traveled abroad in recent years, undertaking visits to the United States and Mexico in 2016 and to the United Kingdom, Israel, and Ireland in 2017. In Chinas tight but often contentious political circles, proponents of deeper Western-style economic changes are often allied with those pushing for rule of law and a more open political system, while traditionalists favor greater state control of both economic and political life. Mr. Xis edicts have been disseminated in a series of compulsory study sessions across the country, like one in the southern province of Hunan that was recounted on a local government Web site. Relatively liberal officials and intellectuals hoped the ousting last year of Bo Xilai, a charismatic politician who favored leftist policies, would help their cause. 9, that bears the unmistakable imprimatur of Xi Jinping, Chinas new top leader. Given his age, Liu will most likely serve only a single term in the Politburo. When you right-click in the folder and run "TortoiseSVN -> Switch" command, the "Switch to Branch / Tag" window appears on the screen. In neighboring former communist countries, Russia uses a wider range of military and economic tools. Its certainly had his approval and reflects his general views.. 15963. Jeremy Page, Bob Davis, and Lingling Wei, Xi Weakens Role of Beijings No. A how-to guide for managing the end of the post-Cold War era. subversive definition: 1. trying to destroy or damage something, especially an established political system: 2. trying to. Liu He was born on January 25, 1952, in Beijing. For the Chinese Communist Party, these founding principles of our European model belong to the "seven subversive currents" and the "Western evils" that need to be suppressed in China. To Xi or not to Xi? It has not been openly published, but a version was shown to The New York Times and was verified by four sources close to senior officials, including an editor with a party newspaper. Thats like pouring petrol on the leftists fire., https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/20/world/asia/chinas-new-leadership-takes-hard-line-in-secret-memo.html. Han then served as deputy secretary of the Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL) (197580) and as a clerk of the Shanghai Chemical Equipment Industry Co., Ltd (198082). You might want to call someone subversive if they are sneakily trying to undermine something, from the social structure of your high school to an entire system of government. He then served as the first secretary of the Secretariat of the CCYL Central Committee (200608). Having been nominated by Hu, Li was promoted to alternate member of the CCYL Secretariat three months later. Cheng Li, Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 2016), p. 324. He is very important to me. Quoted from Bob Davis, Meeting Liu He, Xi Jinpings Choice to Fix a Faltering Chinese Economy, Wall Street Journal, October 6, 2013. Early in his career, Wang worked as a researcher and director at the Institute of Contemporary History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (197982) and then moved to the Rural Policy Research Office of the CCP Central Committee (198288). The consequent rifts are unusually open, and they could widen and bog down Mr. Xi, said Xiao Gongqin, a professor of history at Shanghai Normal University who is also a prominent proponent of gradual, party-guided reform. 9, that bears the unmistakable imprimatur of Xi Jinping, China's new top leader. Sun Chunlan was born on May 24, 1950, in Raoyang County, Hebei Province. The government blamed a subversive organization for the riots. They have been disillusioned by Xis leadership since 2013, when authorities began cracking down on open discussion of seven subversive currents, including universal values, constitutional democracy, human rights, civil society, and media freedom. They are trying to break through our political system, and this was a classic example, he said of the newspaper protest. Likewise, scholars and lawyers who have campaigned for limiting party power under the rule of law have also invoked Mr. Xis promise to honor Chinas Constitution. Some unofficial biographers say he was born in Qingdao City, Shandong Province, and that Tianzhen was his ancestral home. Xi, who is on the cusp of his second presidential term, has seized upon his moment at the pinnacle of accrued political capital to avoid becoming a lame duck and to cement his hold over the country for as long as he desires. Chinese society has changed profoundly since the Mao era. A similar tension exists in Xis approach to legal reforms. Psychologists utilize a variety of perspectives when studying how people think, feel, and behave. Purpose. A party paper, known as Document No. Lis mother-in-law, Liu Yiqing, was a journalist at the Xinhua News Agency. That is the existential question that will be posed to Chinas National Peoples Congress in the coming days, as it considers indefinitely handing over the countrys political reins to President Xi Jinping. subversive organizations Plato wrote that the potentially subversive qualities of music were such that it would not be permitted in the perfect state. Han continued to advance his career in Shanghai, serving as vice-mayor (19982003), deputy party secretary (200212), mayor (200312), acting party secretary (2007), and finally party secretary (201217). Liu began his career as a sent-down youth at an agricultural commune in Jilin Province (196970)2. Wangs father was a professor at Tsinghua University who also worked as an engineer at the Design Institute in the Ministry of Construction. He later taught at Renmin University as an instructor (198687). According to an unverified source, Han Zhengs wife, Wan Ming, previously served as vice-chair of the Shanghai Charity Foundation. If the international community views China through an increasingly negative lens, and if criticism from Chinese liberal intellectuals, rival political elites, and the Chinese citizenry gains steam, the result may be a leadership split and political instability in China. For more information, see. But leftists, feeling emboldened, could create trouble for Mr. Xis government, some analysts said. Other crossword clues with similar answers to 'Subsurface current'. Learn more. In March 2008, he was elected PRC vice-president (200813). A government memo from April identified seven "subversive currents" that are not to be spoken of, including "universal values" like human rights, press freedom, judicial independence, economic neoliberalism, and historic mistakes of the Communist Party. Rip currents often occur in deeper channels, between areas of breaking waves, and can flow at speeds up to 2 m/s. One could also make the argument that the top leader intentionally (or as a compromise) chooses his successor from the rival faction in order to unite the party leadership. Like her mentor Hu Jintao, Sun is known for her keen interest in promoting a harmonious society, supporting policy initiatives for affordable housing, social welfare for low-income families, and poverty reduction. While ideas promoted by Xis two immediate predecessors, Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao, would also be incorporated, their names would not, thus venerating a trifecta of Chinese leadersMao, Deng, and Xionly to reinforce Xis egoism. Mr. Xis cherry picking of approaches from each of the rival camps, analysts say, could end up miring his own agenda in intraparty squabbling. Li Keqiang worked closely with Hu, assisting him in convening the Sixth National Conference of the All-China Youth Federation in August 1983. She was a visiting scholar at Brown University in the mid-1990s. Beginning with the Trump administrations first national defense strategy, the United States has begun painting China as a strategic competitor that is pursuing an authoritarian advance under Xi Jinping. In fact, Xi attended the Bayi School and Beijing No. He also served as a soldier in the 38th Group Army of the PLA (197073). Liu served as deputy director of the Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Work, where he was responsible for overseeing macro-economic policy-planning and drafting speeches for CCP General Secretary Hu Jintao to deliver at annual CCP national conferences on economic affairs (200311). Li is widely considered to be a protg of Hu Jintao. Li Keqiang and Cheng Hong have one daughter, who received her undergraduate degree from Peking University and later studied in the United States, according to some unverified sources. Referred to as. Buckey says that it "bears the unmistakable imprimatur of Xi Jinping." She served as president of the PLA General Political Department Song and Dance Troupe and president of the PLA Art Institute. He became a member of the Standing Committee of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee while continuing to work as deputy secretary-general (199798). History. The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party has proposed removing a clause from the countrys constitutionadded during the Deng Xiaoping erawhich limits both the presidency and vice presidency to two five-year terms. He was Liu Zhiyans only child from his first marriage, which ended in divorce. On the one hand, Xi has promoted Chinese think tanks, which are mostly staffed with academics. He joined the CCP in 1974. Power could escape their grip, they have . Observers argue that Premier Li has been marginalized, as Xi has taken over all of the top posts in economic affairs4. He received his undergraduate education from the history department at the Northwestern University in Xian City, Shaanxi Province (1976). Hu volunteered to work in Tibet after graduation, where he established his patron-mentor relationship with Hu Jintao, who was then serving as party secretary (198892). You have to commemorate him, and because hes already passed away, you can only speak well of him, not ill, Professor Xiao, the historian, said of Maos anniversary. Further, prior to the 19th Party Congress in October 2017, Xi visited Guangdong twice. How the relationship between these two strongmen in China, Xi and Wang, will unfold in the years to come remains to be seen. Share. Power could escape their grip, they have been told, unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents coursing through Chinese society. Deep-ocean currents are initiated near Antarctica and in the North Atlantic Ocean, where cold, dense water sinks. Hu Min, Hu Jintaos Five Golden Flowers (Hong Kong: Beiyunhe Press, 2012), pp. 1. Others may see Xis reversal of constitutional constraints on term limits as heralding a return to an era of vicious power strugglesa zero-sum game in which they will also ruthlessly engage in the years to come. 1. : secretly trying to ruin or destroy a government, political system, etc. Sent-down youth () refers to young, educated urbanites who left their home cities to serve as manual laborers in the countryside during the Cultural Revolution. Given her age, Sun will likely retire in the next leadership transition in 2022-23. Hu Deping, a reform-minded former government official who has met Mr. Xi, recently issued a public warning about the leftward drift. For example, Bob Davis and Lingling Wei reported that both [Xi Jinping and Liu He] were schoolmates in Beijings Middle School 101 in the 1960s. Ibid. During the visit, Zhu lauded Hans work. He also served as deputy head of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo Organizing Committee and head of the Executive Committee (200411). Indeed, senior central propaganda officials met to discuss the newspaper protest, among other issues, and called it a plot to subvert the party, according to a speech on a party Web site of Lianyungang, a port city in eastern China. Lis wife, Cheng Hong, is currently a professor of English language and literature at Capital University of Economics and Business in Beijing. In July 2001, Hu returned to Tibet, where he served as secretary-general (chief of staff) of the CCP Committee of Tibet (200103) and deputy party secretary and executive vice-governor of Tibet (200306). Reform efforts have centered on marginalizing the four PLA general departments that had undermined the authority of the civilian-led CMC; transforming Chinas military operations from a Russian-style, army-centric system toward what analysts call a Western-style joint command system; and swiftly promoting young guards to top positions in the officer corps. His efforts have also included concerted attempts to seek a new model of great power relations with the United States. He also served as president of the Central Party School (200712), the most important venue for training officials and ideological/policy research in the CCP. Hu Chunhua was born in April 1963 in Wufeng County, Hubei Province. Wang then worked as party secretary of Hainan Province (200203). His ancestral home is Fuping County, Shaanxi Province. Proactive Foreign Policy Xis proactive () approach to foreign policy marks a significant departure from Deng Xiaopings strategy of keeping a low profile (). Power could escape their grip, they have been told, unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents coursing through Chinese society. The New York Times . Russia's Cold War subversive activities focused on so-called "active measures" - attempts to influence debate often delivered via "agents of influence", including politicians and journalists. They have been disillusioned by Xi's leadership ever since 2013, when authorities began cracking down on open discussion of "seven subversive currents," including constitutional democracy . Below are background profiles for the seven top government leaders. View All. Having served for two decades as a top administrator of Chinas pacesetting city, Shanghai, Han Zheng emerged from the 19th Party Congress as a top economic decision-maker in national leadership. Upon taking office in 2013, Xi issued a memo urging party officials to eradicate "seven subversive currents" coursing through Chinese societyincluding "Western constitutional democracy," notions of "universal values" of human rights, and a Western-style free press. In his most recent State of the Union Address, President Donald Trump asserted that rivals like Chinachallenge our interests, our economy, and our values. Xis actions will only play into rising fears about China among Americans, who will further conflate Chinas leadership with that of other authoritarian regimes like Russia and Turkey. In 2009, he was transferred to Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, where he served as party secretary (200912) and chairman of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regional Peoples Congress (201012). Xi was reelected as general secretary of the CCP and chairman of the CMC at the 19th Party Congress in October 2017, and then as president of the PRC at the 13th National Peoples Congress in March 2018. The ramifications are very serious, because this seriously hurts the broad middle class and moderate reformers entrepreneurs and intellectuals. Back-draught of a wave. At Chinas 19th Party Congress last October, Xi refused to field any sixth-generation successors as part of the newly formed Politburo Standing Committee. According to the current CCP regulations and norms, Han will most likely serve only a single term in the Politburo Standing Committee and then retire in 202223. She was first elected to the Central Committee as an alternate member at the 15th Party Congress in 1997. Their only daughter, Xi Mingze, received her undergraduate degree in psychology from Harvard University (201014) and later pursued a graduate program in the same field at a university in Beijing. Han Zheng was born in April 1954 in Shanghai. 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