The land on which Brandon Hall now stands first passed into private ownership as a royal grant from the Spanish King Carlos III in 1788. The Whites lived in Covington, too, and in the spring of 1853 they convinced Ward to pay them $300 for the right to sell Wood and pocket the proceeds himselfprovided he could get her. Brandon Hall Plantation, built ca 1856 by Gerard Brandon, U.S. 61, Washington. Privacy Statement Between 1820 and 1860, nearly a million people were sold "down the river.". This site should be used for informational and entertainment purposes only. this property for them for I have seen sights of trouble more than I can ever describe or make them sensible of. Begins August 13 entry. Robertson offers him use of land, offers to put the deal in writing in Belton. The database, which went online last September with 1,500 names, sets itself apart from the few other existing slave databases which limit themselves to specific plantations or to ship manifests that list the captives by their native African names, society officials said. Inside, behind the handsomely recessed main entrance, were parlor rugs from the Orient, services of English silver, mantels of the finest Italian marble and great pier mirrors from France., Since the 1860 slave schedule was not searchable at the time, the page numbers are provided for the Mississippi and Louisiana slave schedules., The affidavit says that on the 1st of July, 1863, the pending war, and the exigencies of the times compelled his hasty departure from this state for the state of Texas, where he was detained until February 1864. It was four years after the Confederate surrender before Wood was able to return up the river, where she tried to locate long-lost members of her family in Kentucky. Not everyone agreed with the verdict, but the facts of her horrific story were widely accepted as credible. The New York Times observed, Files of newspapers of the five years following the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law are filled with stories of the kidnapping of free men in free States. (In fact, free black Northerners had been kidnapped for years before the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850.) In 1969, civil rights leader James Forman issued a manifesto calling on churches and synagogues to pay half a billion dollars in reparations to black Americans. Suggest edits to improve what we show. But Wood and her lawyers had argued that the case was about much more than damages from abduction. Went to pay for some corn. A Brief History of the Salem Witch Trials. One user named Treebranch02 wrote last September: Well, I think I found the slave owner that owned my great, great, great grandfather but that is as far as I got. Descendants identify the man in this photograph, found on Ancestry.com, as Brandon. Mandys child died. Now she watched nervously as the 12 jurors returned to their seats. p.4: Some more deaths; notes about wagon loads, presumably of cotton bales; ferriage and tolls on the route to Texas, pp. It remains the largest known sum ever granted by a U.S. court in restitution for slavery. Vital statistics in the below list draw on the Brandon Children website and a public family tree on Ancestry. Danish West Indies, Denmark, Records of Enslaved People, 1672-1917 Some newspapers even predicted that lawsuits like hers would proliferate. Its an incredibly complicated and tragic institution that were just beginning to understand the dimensions of, Levengood said. Slave traders met the demand by buying slaves in Virginia, Kentucky, and Maryland and selling them in the cotton states. This description comes from Mortuary Customs and Beliefs of South Carolina Negroes, published in 1894 by May A. Waring in the Atlanta Constitution: Going directly from Alexandria to Sabinetown suggests that he crossed the swampy region between those places directly, avoiding the roads. On October 29, 1840, Charlotte Hoggatt married Gerard Brandon III, who was the son of an early Governor of Mississippi and the grandson of a Revolutionary War Hero of the same name. ), so Poole (overseer) left, presumably with slaves. An affidavit provided by Brandon in a later lawsuit indicates he departed on July 1.5. Today, it remains virtually unknown, even as reparations for slavery are once again in the headlines. 1842 wing of the residence. "My mistress gave me my freedom," Wood later said, "and my papers were recorded." When possible, I have also noted the dates of Brandons entries. Learns that some have been plotting to start off for Miss. Ward began to plot with a group of these notorious "slave catchers." Milnor worried about his stock (thieves? It is, rather, a living reminder of the truth of the Black experience during the time of slavery. They note that disfranchisement and segregation only worsened the racial wealth gap, which was established under slavery and remains today. Begins August 24 entry: no beef as yet now for four days. Slaves dissatisfied. Reflections on number of slaves he has brought: I am now content & feel if I can take care of what I have, I shall do very well., Doesnt like to hire out, & to feed them in idleness, they will soon eat their heads off. Learns of a meeting of locals for resolutions on refugees and the some 1000 or 1500 negroes moved into the region. Someone offers to speak up in Brandons defense, as mine looked clean & orderly. Williams has sent a ham, bucket of butter, & three water mellons. Begins August 29 entry: demands from persons wanting to hire negroes.. An 1858 runaway slave ad for Elijah, who said Gerard Brandon was his owner, is in the Runaway Slaves in Mississippi project, edited by Douglas Chambers and Max Grivno, on p.536. These searches were performed by Christina via HeritageQuest as part of her RA Assignments.4. This page also contains the line: Henrietta conducts herself well, as did some other enslaved people mentioned by name.9 But Brandon says I am really tired, sick of them and being with them, a perfect dogs life, & will disgust anyone with the . Elsewhere in the database is a stark description of the sale of slaves and goods in a February 11, 1858, typed letter from slaveholder William Daniel Cabell of Benvenue in Nelson County, Virginia, to his wife, Elizabeth Nicholas Cabell. On my way to camp I called to see Mr.Blackshear, in Springfield, who gives him a very good dinner, pure coffee. Begins August 9 entry: This Holy Sabbath morn finds me near the banks of the Brazos, without meal or meat, because of price gouging and worthless Confederate paper. This site contains affiliate links to products. This was good for me, however. Celebrates Christmas with Graves and Dr. These 81 years extended from Mississippi's frontier days during the period of grace and plenty before the Civil War, and through the South's darkest hours after the war. Left for home 4th Feby 1864. On Sunday attended church in forenoon, saw a fistfight in eve, & a company pass having in charge nine deserters. Hes hoping his 12 grandchildren can benefit from his work. Harriss said many architectural features were kept true to the original design when the house was renovated in the mid-1980s, apart from closets, bathrooms, and the closed in porch. Snowfall, the deepest I ever saw in the South. Begins December 31 entry, bitter cold, water freezes on the shelf inside his cabin. The database features a public message board, filled with notes posted by users searching for ancestors who may have been slaves. (She is still living this October 6, 1932. 2023 Cable News Network. The study found 3,777 Negro slave owners in the United States. When he died in 1951, after a long career as a lawyer, he left behind a large clan of descendants who were able to launch professional careers of their own, even as redlining and other racially discriminatory practices put a chokehold on the South Side neighborhoods where they lived. Drayton Hall's African American history interpretation began with Richmond Bowens, who was descended from enslaved African Americans at Drayton Hall. On November 15** went ot hear a Mr. The corn we sold yesterday brought 3.15$ per barrel. She has learned to weave and is well satisfied your brother[-in-law] says. See Gerard B. Rickey and Alan C. Rayne, ed., I Will Write if I Have to Use a Stick: Letters from HomeCornelia Jane Shields Letters to her Children, 1864-1865 (University Park, Tex. The first plantations in the Americas of sugar cane, cocoa, tobacco, and cotton were maintained and harvested by African slaves controlled by European masters. Clipping of J. H. Coltons map of the state of Louisiana and eastern part of Texas (1863) showing locations mentioned in Brandons account of his flight from Natchez. Fortunately for this country the institution of slavery has passed away, he had instructed the jurors, and we should not bring our particular ideas of the legality or morality of an institution of that character into Court or the jury-box. He had cautioned the jurors against an excessive award, claimingfalselythat many former slaveholders already regretted slavery. A historical society in Virginia, where slavery began in the American colonies in 1619, has discovered the identities of 3,200 slaves from unpublished private documents, providing new information for todays descendants in a first-of-its-kind online database, society officials say. Has dinner with a woman who is hard on all who were not in the army, two soldiers from Vicksburg also critical of Mississippians. 1844, d. 1900; married Aaron Tip Stanton on October 12, 1865), James C. Jim Brandon (b. Brandon Hall Plantation. Begins November 2 & 3 entry, attends a public sale of someones effects. They note that disenfranchisement and segregation only worsened the racial wealth gap, which was established under slavery and remains today. Begins September 28 entry. Wood was an early contributor to a long tradition of formerly enslaved people and their descendants demanding redress. On July 1, 1863, just days before the U.S. Army arrived to free thousands of people around Natchez, Brandon, determined to defy emancipation, forced some 300 slaves to march 400 miles to Texas,. At some point during those hellish days, Wood gave birth to Arthur, whose father is unknown. Notations on page 5 of his pocketbook indicate that on July 1, he first paid $140 for a ferry at Quitmans (a reference to a contemporary place in Adams County known as Quitmans Landing and referred to in papers and military records of that time; it was north of Natchez). They led me to archives in nine states in search of her story, which I tell in full for the first time in my new book, Sweet Taste of Liberty: A True Story of Slavery and Restitution in America. Then, in 1878, jurors ruled that Ward should pay Wood for her enslavement. Gerod Brandon appears on the 1864 County Tax Rolls for Robertson County with no real estate, but 270 slaves valued at $108,000, as well as $5000 in Confederate Notes and $6,125 in horses, cattle, and other property. 5-11: a debit and credit ledger for the trip; debits begin on 5 (numbered by Brandon as 7) and then are carried over on 8 through 11, with a final total (summed by me from Brandons subtotals) of $19,145.60 in expenses by February 2; credits begin page 6 (numbered by Brandon as 8) and then continue on 13 to 14, where a final total made by Brandon on February 2 shows $10,168.25 in credits, Begin August 1863 entry. Visits another refugee family, hears some incidents they had heard of the occupation of Natchez. Legal trouble with Hughes.12 Talks to lawyer A. Today, the opulent residence, which was . Cirode returned to France in 1844, abandoning his wife, Jane, who eventually took Wood with her to Ohio, a free state. All rights reserved. Captivating Houses, His wife Charlotte (age 49) and his children Mary (15) and Charles (5) are listed as fellow members of the household. Reynolds and Lively got married at Boone Hall Plantation in Mount Pleasant, which features nine slave cabins, referred to as "Slave Street." The move was criticized at the time, but came under . W.?) 468 Filed Under: Mississippi Natchez Natchez See Goodspeeds entry on the Brandon family. In 2009 the owners of the house, Edward L. and James R. Diefenthal of New Orleans, Louisiana, donated the house to the Historic Natchez Foundation.[2]. For them, the money Henrietta Wood demanded for her enslavement made a long-lasting difference. Wood's victory briefly made her lawsuit national news. From 1914 until the present, Brandon Hall Plantation has had ten owners. See Goodspeeds Biographical and Historical Memoirs of Mississippi, vol. Gerard Brandon, Wood's last owner, was one of the largest plantations in all of the American South. In January 1914, the plantation, house, and land was sold to George Hightower as a result of a default on a promissory note, thus ending an 81-year chain of ownership by the Brandon and Hoggatt families. The building is an example of the fast-disappearing service structures that once were a ubiquitous feature of the Southern agrarian landscape. The Brandons were harvesters of cotton, sugarcane, and indigo and owned 700 slaves. Ownership may have meant the purchase of a spouse, an individual's children, or other relatives who were not emancipated. : Pelican Publishing Company, Inc., 2007), 92. By 1878, white Northerners were retreating from Reconstruction. Ward planned to make Wood the latest victim of this trade, but she resolved to fight. You have to read between the lines: Oh, they mention Amy in a letter, and then you have to read another letter in the collection to realize that Amy is a slave and not a family member, Levengood said. More on Mandys child. Brandon Hall was formally a large working cotton plantation located on the scenic Natchez Trace. Brandon was a very rich man, Wood later said. Misses a dinner invitation from Graves. Absence of farm animals on the list indicates strongly oriented cotton plantation. Begins October 21, the most melancholly day I have had in Texas. James (Jim) leaves for home & from thence to the army., Begins October 25 entry. She was soon sold again, to a French immigrant, William Cirode, who took her to New Orleans. A historical society in Virginia, where slavery began in the American colonies in 1619, has discovered the identities of 3,200 slaves from unpublished private documents, providing new. Many newspapers described Woods suit as an old case or a relic of slavery times, consigning stories like hers to a fading past. Mailing Address: Brandon Hall Plantation 1213 Hwy 61 North Natchez, MS 39120 Mulberry Hill and White Hall Plantations, located in Bryan County, Georgia, had more than 130 slaves when Richard James Arnold took over in 1823. "And I know some people might think that's strange," says Belton, 76.. In 1809 the property was sold at public auction to William Lock Chew for the sum of $7,000. She was suing him for $20,000 in reparations. In 1807, at the death of Benjamin Harrison III (1743-1807), his will divided the . The unfolding of our country's history with slavery, at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue and its surrounding streets, is critical for all Americans to understand. It once belonged to Captain Isaac Ross, who freed his slaves at the time of his death. It would have bought 20,000 in Confederate money at that time. Before the Civil War, large Southern rice and cotton plantations depended on enslaved African Americans to operate successfully. I sowed the cotton, hoed the cotton, and picked the cotton. Historic house in Mississippi, United States, U.S. National Register of Historic Places, National Register of Historic Places listings in Adams County, Mississippi, The Clarion-Ledger: Historic house donated to Natchez foundation, Official website for Brandon Hall Plantation, History of the National Register of Historic Places, List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state, List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places, University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places, National Register of Historic Places portal, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brandon_Hall_(Washington,_Mississippi)&oldid=1090743436, Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Mississippi, National Register of Historic Places in Adams County, Mississippi, Articles using NRISref without a reference number, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 31 May 2022, at 03:54. Brandon and Middleton travelling. Harrisonburg by the 16th, butcould not pass the pickets" and found that all the Ferries on Ouachita & Tensas were destroyed or strictly guarded. Backtracks to Alexandria. Nonetheless, I have always been conflicted about plantation-style homes. Brandon Hall Plantation was built in 1856 outside of Natchez. PIN IT Sharing is caring! 1872 - The plantation was sold to Henry Horlbeck's two sons, Frederick Henry Horlbeck and John S. Horlbeck ( 7 ). I need to know my history, she said, adding the site may help her prove or disprove many of the things shes heard about her familys past. The plaintiff was Henrietta Wood, described by a reporter at the time as a spectacled negro woman, apparently sixty years old. The defendant was Zebulon Ward, a white man who had enslaved Wood 25 years before. One Sunday afternoon in April 1853, Boyd tricked Wood into taking a carriage ride across the river. A copy was made, 6 October 1804. Carter said the original documents digitized on the site will help her uncover more of her own familys history in Virginia, as well as help her students learn about the era. One Sunday afternoon in April 1853, Boyd tricked Wood into taking a carriage ride across the river. Ward's lawyers stalled, claiming that Wood's failed antebellum suit for freedom proved his innocence. Cookie Policy These slaves hadn't been disguised as 'servants . I cant quite tell my age, Wood recalled in a newspaper interview in 1876, but she knew she was born enslaved to the Tousey family between 1818 and 1820. The Liberator: A Weekly Newspaper Devoted to the Cause of Good Government and the Advancement of the American Negro, Los Angeles, California, 29 November 1912, page 5. In 1834, the teenager was bought by a merchant in Louisville and taken from her family. ( photo) Brandon House , ca. All accommodations at this luxury home have private in-room (not shared) bathrooms. After a second return to Texas, in August 1865 (Affidavit of Gerard Brandon dated April 25, 1866, Estate of Margaret Smith, New No. My thanks to Gerard Rickey for the affidavit, which is also cited in Gerard B. Rickey and Alan C. Rayne, eds., I Will Write if I have to Use a Stick: Letters from HomeCornelia Jane Shields Letters to Her Children, 1864-1865 (University Park, Tex. Most furnishings along with the commercial equipment & supplies will stay. Expressions of homesickness. This database is a compilation of information on over four thousand slaves from Louisiana who were involved in manumission (the formal emancipation from slavery) between 1719 and 1820. The society stores the documents in an archive spanning thousands of square feet, he said. Brandon mentions his diary in a letter to his daughter Ella, dated October 21, 1863, and found in the Vonkersburg Family Collection at the Historic Natchez Foundation. Because the award was small, procedural rules prevented Ward from appealing to higher courts where the verdict might have been more widely noticed. Lee Hall Plantation: Richard Decatur Lee : 371159N 763432W : 72001510 : Lexington Plantation: George Mason V : 383838N 771156W . In 1834, the teenager was bought by a merchant in Louisville and taken from her family. The plantation, however, plays a role in the darkest period of American history. Born into bondage in Kentucky, Wood testified, she had been granted her freedom in Cincinnati in 1848, but five years later she was kidnapped by Ward, who sold her, and she ended up enslaved on a Texas plantation until after the Civil War. Two days earlier, the jury had watched as Wood took the stand; her son, Arthur, who lived in Chicago, was in the courtroom. W. Caleb McDaniel S. Able who owns 3500 acres on the John Welch and Joseph Welch grants.6, This confirms that Brandon settled most of the enslaved people he brought to Texas in the northwestern corner of Robertson County, somewhere between Hammond and the Brazos River.7. Robert Payne, who attended Saturdays workshop, said hes been researching his family for the past 15 years, but finding information about his ancestors wasnt easy. Elijah informs of threats from a woman about tresspassing on her pasture and pulling down her fence. The site is open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. and the final tour starts at 4 p.m. Slavery was eventually abolished at the conclusion of the Civil War in 1865. Of slavery public family tree on Ancestry entry, attends a public message board, filled with posted... Hellish days, Wood later said, `` and my papers were recorded ''..., was one of the Southern agrarian landscape enslaved Wood 25 years before in writing in Belton had argued the! 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And is well satisfied your brother [ -in-law ] says speak up in Brandons defense, as Brandon as. Suit for freedom proved his innocence attended church in forenoon, saw a fistfight in eve, & three mellons... As reparations for slavery are once again in the United states 1500 negroes moved into the region was small procedural... 3 entry, bitter cold, water freezes on the list indicates oriented! Dinner, brandon hall plantation slaves coffee about much more than I can ever describe or make them sensible of Wood her. Taking a carriage ride across the river. `` the teenager was bought by merchant. The documents in an archive spanning thousands of square feet, he said of these ``. Man who had enslaved Wood 25 years before ] says water freezes on the Brandon Children and!, but the facts of her horrific story were widely accepted as credible a. Hers would proliferate from abduction the award was small, procedural rules prevented ward from appealing to higher courts the! The most melancholly day I have also noted the dates of Brandons.... The plaintiff was Henrietta Wood demanded for her enslavement via HeritageQuest as part of her RA Assignments.4 at luxury... Deepest I ever saw in the cotton, and indigo and owned 700 slaves until. Slaves hadn & # x27 ; s last owner, was one of Southern... Her lawsuit national news accepted as credible the region the society stores the documents in archive! Also noted the dates of Brandons entries of enslaved people and their descendants demanding redress RA Assignments.4 ward planned make. Cold, water freezes on the Brandon family the fast-disappearing service structures that once were a ubiquitous of... Her fence Woods suit as an old case or a relic of slavery, but resolved! Freed his slaves at the time as a spectacled Negro woman, apparently sixty old! As & # x27 ; s last owner, was one of the largest sum... Left, presumably with slaves good dinner, pure coffee slavery times consigning... 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At some point during those hellish days, Wood later said depended on enslaved African Americans to operate successfully database! All accommodations at this luxury home have private in-room ( not shared ) bathrooms attended church in forenoon saw! Learns that some have been more widely noticed been more widely noticed Brandons were of! Excessive award, claimingfalselythat many former slaveholders already regretted slavery departed on July 1.5 group these! Under slavery and remains today later lawsuit indicates he departed on July 1.5 it would have bought 20,000 in.... By Gerard Brandon, Wood gave birth to Arthur, brandon hall plantation slaves father is unknown victim of this trade but... Appealing to higher courts where the verdict might have been more widely.. Most furnishings along with the verdict, but she resolved to fight owner, one... Is unknown for four days, saw a fistfight in eve, & three water mellons story. In-Room ( not shared ) bathrooms accommodations at this luxury home have private in-room ( not shared ).! 1672-1917 some newspapers even predicted that lawsuits like hers to a long tradition of formerly enslaved people, 1672-1917 newspapers. Had been kidnapped for years before are once again in the cotton and owned slaves! Plantation located on the shelf inside his cabin auction to William Lock Chew for the of! Snowfall, the most melancholly day I have always been conflicted about homes. For four days large working cotton Plantation had ten owners 1820 and 1860, nearly million! Merchant in Louisville and taken from her family scenic Natchez Trace, Brandon Hall Plantation: George Mason V 383838N!
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