In this case, he takes advantage of the enemy force's forward orientation by fixing the enemy and then delivering a blow to the enemy's flank or rear. 8-92. Friendly forces within the perimeter must be capable of providing mutual support. These steps include ensuring all-around defense, NBC defense, and using smoke. Alternate and supplementary positions, combat outposts, and mutually supporting strong points forward of the perimeter extend the depth. The commander allocates his air defense assets to protect these locations in accordance with the factors of METT-TC. Maximum Use of Offensive Action. Contingency planning also reduces the amount of time and confusion inherent when a unit is unsuccessful in its defensive efforts and must transition to retrograde operations. 8-88. (RP00.05.10f) 8. Camouflage is one of the basic weapons of war. As the enemy comes within small arms range, other weapons on the perimeter engage him. PowerPoint PPT presentation, Why 247 Security Operations Center (SOC) Is a Necessity? Once enemy forces succeed in landing, the key to a successful defense is speed in containing and counterattacking the inserted enemy force before it becomes organized and reinforced. 8-93. Additionally, enemy ISR systems are likely to detect the arrival of significant reinforcements. The air defense responsibility may be most critical in forward areas since the commander will task air defense artillery (ADA) units along the FEBA to engage enemy aircraft providing CAS or attempting low-level penetration of friendly air defenses en route to a target in the friendly rear area. They'll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance - the kind of sophisticated look that today's audiences expect. SV manuals stipulate that a brigade's main defensive zone in a positional defense will be up to 15 kilometers wide and up to 20 kilometers deep. Within a defensive posture, the defending commander may conduct a spoiling attack or a counterattack, if permitted to do so by the factors of METT-TC. The enemy may force these operations, or a commander may execute them voluntarily. 8-129. Its tasks might include. Close air support (CAS) can be instrumental in disrupting an enemy advance. Our product offerings include millions of PowerPoint templates, diagrams, animated 3D characters and more. Given a tactical scenario in a combat environment, an oral Operations Order issued by the platoon commander, individual combat equipment, and prescribed weapon with ammunition, participate in squad size defense, to support mission requirements. The commander should position his reconnaissance and surveillance assets in observation posts (OPs) located near or forward of the topographical crest to provide long-range observation of both the enemy's flanks and front. The principle audiences for ATP 3-21.8 are commanders, staffs, and leaders who are responsible. Attacking enemy artillery and forward air defense elements. This configuration gives depth to the battalion task force's positions and facilitates control. Air defense coordinators examine air avenues of approach toward C2 facilities and position guns and missiles to prevent enemy aircraft from reaching their targets. The effectiveness of smoke depends on weather conditions and the quantity of smoke employed. Providing as much depth as the diameter of the perimeter to allow the proper placement of security elements and the reserve and the designation of secondary sectors of fire for antiarmor weapons. - CrystalGraphics offers more PowerPoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. 8-63. Transitions the engineer effort by shifting the emphasis from countermobility and survivability to mobility. This coordination is best done by personal visits to subordinate commanders on the ground. The commander can use his reserve to reinforce fires; add depth, block, or restore the position by counterattack; seize the initiative; and destroy enemy forces. The commander should not overlook the transportation and manpower required in obtaining, moving, and uncrating barrier material and associated obstacle creating munitions, such as demolition charges and mines. In the offense, the sustainment effort may need to focus on providing POL and forward repair of maintenance and combat losses. ), Figure 8-3. 8-123. Controlling land areas surrounding the perimeter to a range beyond that of enemy mortars and rockets and also controlling water approaches. These systems can provide additional protection from enemy attacks by forcing the enemy to spend time and resources to breach or bypass the obstacle. Tasks assigned to these fire support systems include closing obstacle gaps or reseeding previously breached obstacles in accordance with the rules of engagement. This allows the unit to quickly react to potential ground threats by calling for indirect fires or employing a quick reaction force to defeat this threat. These locations include defiles, rivers, thick woods, swamps, cliffs, canals, built-up areas, and reverse slopes. Mutual support exists when positions and units support each other by direct, indirect, lethal, and nonlethal fire, thus preventing the enemy from attacking one position without being subjected to fire from one or more adjacent positions. The commander takes actions to increase the kill probabilities of his various weapon systems at different ranges. An area defense is normally preferred because it accepts less risk by not allowing the enemy to cross the obstacle. The 13th Army consisted of 12 rifle divisions (RDs) organized into four rifle corps (RCs) supported by 700 guns, separate tank brigades, assault gun regiments, and antitank regiments. Write an essay on the annual patriotic theme. 1 Objectives (1 of 2) Define a hazardous material. Fire support systems cover barriers, gaps, and open areas within the MBA. He can use EAs, target reference points, final protective fires, and principal direction of fire as fire control measures. He establishes criteria for the disengagement, such as number of enemy vehicles by type, friendly losses, or enemy movement to flanking locations. Damage-Limiting Measures. Thus fire support systems support both the commander's decisive and shaping operations. 8-165. 8-85. When the enemy initiates his final assault into a defensive position, the defending unit initiates its FPFs to kill enemy infantry soldiers and suppress his armored vehicles. The ideal candidate will have experience or demonstrated aptitude in operations research, political science, and/or international affairs. The commander positions the reserve to block the most dangerous AA and assigns on-order positions on other critical avenues. 8-113. (FMs 3-11 and 3-12 detail NBC defense operations.). 8-4. Briengs are the most efcient and common means to present information to commanders, staffers, Soldiers, or other specied audiences. The widespread application of highly accurate and lethal weapons, high degree of tactical mobility, dynamic situational changes, and extended spatial scope of unit AOs all characterize contemporary combined arms warfare. PPTX PowerPoint Presentation A major characteristic of a perimeter defense is a secure inner area with most of the combat power located on the perimeter. A disengagement line is a phase line located on identifiable terrain that, when crossed by the enemy, signals to defending elements that it is time to displace to their next positions. He assigns responsibility for preparation to a subordinate unit but retains authority for ordering their execution or final completion. DEFENSIVE OPERATIONS Purpose: The primary purpose of defensive operations is to cause the enemy attack to fail. The availability of LZs and DZs protected from enemy observation and fire is a major consideration when selecting and organizing the perimeter defense. ), 8-8. For example, in Figure 8-16, the two units defending on the reverse slope cannot engage half of the hill to their direct front because of line of sight restrictions caused by small forests, but they can cover each other using oblique defilade. 8-38. The thrust of the maintenance effort is to fix as far forward as possible those systems that can be quickly returned to the unit in combat-ready condition. Sustaining operations "are operations at any echelon that enable shaping and decisive operations" by offering direct support to those other operations. Make Defensive Operations Great Again - Modern War Institute 8-80. ! Divisions and larger formations normally execute mobile defenses. Folds in the earth, natural depressions, trees, buildings, and walls offer damage-limiting cover; individuals and units should seek them out and use them habitually. PPT - Explain Offensive Operations PowerPoint Presentation, free Neutralizing or isolating enemy forces that have penetrated the defensive area and impeding the movement of enemy reserves. The profile contains a company overview, key facts, major products and services, SWOT analysis, business description, company history, key competitors, financial analysis, key employees as well as company locations and subsidiaries. PDF Counterair Operations Air Force Doctrine Publication (Afdp) Counterair This is an offer for educational opportunities that may lead to employment and not an offer for nor a guarantee of employment. View Defensive operations PowerPoint (PPT) presentations online in SlideServe. The reserve may or may not take part in the decisive operation. (See Figure 8-5. They also establish maintenance and medical collection points. The unit employs smoke if it is moving and cannot use natural cover or cannot build fortifications. Civilian informants and actions of indigenous personnel near the position are excellent indicators of pending enemy actions. 8-175. - Title: TOC Operations Author: LEADERS TRAINING PROGRAM Last modified by: jay.bruns Created Date: 10/19/1995 10:39:38 AM Document presentation format, HazMat/WMD Operations Introduction Slide 1. Drone-Era Warfare Shows the Operational Limits of Air Defense Systems External powers have intervened in the civil wars in Libya and Syria, supplying advanced conventional weapons that have intensified the conflicts. They must remain capable of rapidly relocating to respond to battlefield developments. It also should be located far enough behind friendly lines that likely enemy advances will not compel the relocation of critical CSS at inopportune times. Protective Construction. The commander establishes a perimeter when the unit must hold critical terrain, such as a strong point, or when it must defend itself in areas where the defense is not tied in with adjacent units. At those moments, the combat power ratios most favor the defending force. If so, share your PPT presentation slides online with PowerShow.com. And, again, its all free. Ideally, the reserve is mobile to react to enemy action along any part of the perimeter. Effective obstacles force the enemy to attempt to breach them if he wants to maintain his momentum and retain the initiative. PDF Preparing to Occupy Defend the Brigade Support Area - United States Army He concentrates the attack by reinforcing select subordinate units so they can execute the attack and, if necessary, maintain the existing defense. Lure or force part or all of the enemy force into areas where it can be counterattacked. At its core, MDB focuses on conventional warfare against a peer adversary. Can You Answer Them? The battle concept for developing and employing the land component of the nation's defense must provide specifically for Army operations in the U.S. homeland, across multiple domains. Combat units top off regularly with supplies in case an enemy breakthrough disrupts the replenishment flow. Failure to synchronize the effects of task-organized elements has often resulted in mission failure in training and actual operations. The commander in a perimeter defense designates the trace of the perimeter, battle positions, coordinating points, and lateral and forward boundaries. Aerojet Rocketdyne hiring Sr Analyst, Business Operations in Huntsville 8-60. centers, rear tactical operations centers, base cluster operations centers, and base defense operations centers (BDOC) need to be set up to support the mission and to ensure security of the joint rear area. The common higher commander of the two forces establishes the BHL after consulting with both commanders. The stationary commander determines the location of the line. Troop Leading Procedures/Performance Steps, Privacy Policy | About Us | FAQ | Terms of Service | Disclaimers | Do Not Sell My Personal Information (CA and NV residents). He must dominate it by fires to prevent the enemy from successfully engaging the defending force. These three types have significantly different concepts and pose significantly. 8-53. Emplace hasty minefields and other obstacles 10. However, all units must know which gapsthrough obstacles and crossing sitesto keep open for the unit's use, as well as the firing and self-destruct times of scatterable mines to prevent delays in movement. Tested by nine German divisions, the 29th RC was able to keep German forces from breaking through its area of operations (AO), despite having its initial three divisions rendered combat-ineffective. Start necessary movement or preparations 6. This occurs when the unit is operating behind enemy lines or when it is securing an isolated objective, such as a bridge, mountain pass, or airfield. It employed counterattacks to retake key terrain or gain time to develop defenses. They are used in proximity to defensive positions, on the flanks of advancing units or in rear areas. The commander plans fires throughout the defensive area up to the maximum range of available weapons. X.2 Review the resources available for domestic emergency management, defining engagement types and the role of the United States Northern Command (NORTHCOM). He allows his subordinate commanders some flexibility in selecting the exact positioning of obstacles. The Soviets reinforced the two fronts defending the salient, prepared defenses, and established a strategic reserve behind the salient. Maj. Brett Reichert, U.S. Army. Winner of the Standing Ovation Award for Best PowerPoint Templates from Presentations Magazine. 8-34. If the commander uses an unengaged force to constitute a new reserve, he must retain sufficient forces to defend the vacated sector, unless he is forced to assume that degree of risk. PowerShow.com is a leading presentation sharing website. PDF Defensive Cyber Operations (DCO) - United States Army When authorized, nuclear attacks support close and deep operations.These fires destroy or contaminate defensive positions and cause casualties. 8-10. The commander selects the MBA based on the products of the intelligence preparation of the battlefield (IPB) process and his own analysis using the factors of METT-TC. In the first technique, he places all of his subordinate units in positions along the perimeter. So what does this mean for you? Resupply should take place during daylight hours if the commander expects the enemy to conduct a limited visibility attack. 8-49. The defense should consider stockpiling or caching ammunition and limited amounts of petroleum products in centrally located positions within the main battle area. A battle position is a defensive location oriented on a likely enemy avenue of approach. It is the best position from which to accomplish the assigned mission, such as cover an EA. Fire support assets continue to attack enemy follow-on forces before they can be committed to the MBA. A phase line designating the forward-most point of the MBA indicates the FEBA. Defense Support Program (DSP) Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) is a transportable system that intercepts ballistic missiles during their final, or terminal, phase of flight. 8-43. Numbers, routes, and direction of movement of dislocated civilians. Engineers also open helicopter LZs and tactical landing strips for fixed-wing aircraft. 4 0 obj The primary position is the position that covers the enemy's most likely avenue of approach into the AO. Large Scale Combat Operations (LSCO) - Army University Press Tracks, spoil, and debris are the most common signs of military activity, which indicate concealed objects. He may require additional signal support to sustain communications across wide frontages characteristic of many defensive operations. Second, they prepare the ground to force the enemy to fight where he does not want to fight, such as in open areas dominated by terrain that offers adequate cover and concealment for the occupying friendly forces. The commander should design obstacles for current operations so they do not hinder future operations. ), 8-159. If practical, the unit should brush out, camouflage, or cover its tracks. Proper fire distribution also ensures that high-payoff targets are destroyed without wasting assets through repetitive engagement by multiple friendly systems. Sustaining. A mobile defense requires an AO of considerable depth. The common defensive planning considerations addressed in the following paragraphs apply to all types of defensive operations. If the defense is unsuccessful, the commander needs to transition from a defensive posture into retrograde operations. Units on the reverse slope have more freedom of movement until the crest is lost. In response to shallow enemy penetrations, artillery commanders normally reposition their systems laterally, away from that point. However, once the enemy detects them, he will attempt to attack them. Environmental factors determine where he places his NBC detection devices. Safety Requirements: General: Fire Exits Risk: The risk assessment level is low As the commander transitions to the retrograde, he makes every effort to conserve his combat power. In some cases the best locations for obstacles can only be covered from positions on the forward slope. Use of Terrain. The commander assigning a unit to a battle position should specify when and under what conditions the unit displaces from the position. - Hackers are getting better and better at attacking corporate networks. This requires the commander to conduct retrograde operations, either a delay or a withdrawal. Fire Studies: Defensive and Transitional Modes of Fire Attack It has millions of presentations already uploaded and available with 1,000s more being uploaded by its users every day. Siting means selecting the most advantageous position in which to hide a man, an object, or an activity. He takes advantage of war gaming that takes place in the military decision making process to derive his decision points. The perimeter shape conforms to the terrain features that best use friendly observation and fields of fire. The commander uses his fixing force to hold attacking enemy forces in position, to help channel attacking enemy forces into ambush areas, and to retain areas from which to launch the striking force. Terrain management is a critical consideration in the rear area. (See Figure 8-4.) Such planning addresses the need to control the tempo of operations, maintain contact with both enemy and friendly forces, and keep the enemy off balance. 8-82. Without defense, support cannot happen. The commander conducting a mobile defense along a linear obstacle normally employs minimal forces along the obstacle as his fixing force. While the defending force is aware that the enemy is going to breach an obstacle, the enemy tries to conceal exactly where and when he will try to breach. Without the aid of references, given a list, identify the advantages of defensive combat, per the student handout. The battle position is an intent graphic that depicts the location and general orientation of the majority of the defending forces. This also helps to deceive the enemy about the location of the MBA. If the perimeter has several mounted avenues of approach leading to it, the commander may elect to hold his combat vehicles in hide positions until the enemy approaches. The commander uses his intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR), and engineer assets to study the terrain. All defensive operations are a mix of static and dynamic actions. Modern bispectral obscurants provide protection from thermal as well as visual viewing devices. The logistics officer (G4 or S4) and the commanders of the logistics units supporting the defending force must understand the commander's tactical intent. The commander also incorporates artillery fires with electronic warfare and joint systems to suppress enemy air defenses while CAS hits a target. Controlling ground for limited periods where a commander does not wish to irrevocably commit ground forces; for example, forward of an executed obstacle. The defending force tries to guide or entice the enemy into prepared EAs. They are more suited for operations within an NBC contaminated environment than light forces because of their built-in protection. First, the defending force conducts reconnaissance to gain and maintain contact with the enemy. Be able to maneuver out of physical contact with the enemy. The defending force positions its reconnaissance and security elements where it can observe the forward slope, the terrain forward of it, and other approaches to the defending position. PDF The U.S. Department of Defense's Planning Process - RAND Corporation Commanders at all echelons track defensive preparations, such as establishing Class IV and V supply points and start or completion times of obstacle belts and groups. 8-65. The reverse slope defense may deceive the enemy regarding the true location and organization of the main defensive positions. To avoid detection and destruction by the enemy, units move frequently and establish survivability positions quickly. Synchronized prior planning and preparation bolster the commander's combat power, increasing the effectiveness of the defense. The commander may also have to employ all of his subordinate units on the line formed by the perimeter. The main battle area (MBA) is the area where the commander intends to deploy the bulk of his combat power and conduct his decisive operations to defeat an attacking enemy. Providing long-range biological surveillance. The commander addresses several CSS considerations unique to the defense in his plan. A defending unit may have a series of subsequent positions. They developed their defenses in depth, carefully tying them to the terrain and organizing infantry positions for all-around defense. Staffs balance terrain management, movement planning, and traffic-circulation control priorities. (Chapter 11 further discusses the retrograde.). The defensive plan must address what happens when it succeeds and the opportunity exists to transition from defense to offense. Can You Explain How Chapter 35 Benefits Work? The division and its subordinate formations uncoil from their attack positions and begin maneuvering along designated avenues of approach in a simulated six-week operation. A supplementary position is a defensive position located within a unit's assigned AO that provides the best sectors of fire and defensive terrain along an avenue of approach that is not the primary avenue where the enemy is expected to attack. (For additional information on the use of a reverse slope defense, see FM 3-21.30 and other brigade- and lower-echelon field manuals.). Hiding. The profile contains a company overview, key facts, major products and services, SWOT analysis, business description, company history, key employees as well as company locations and subsidiaries. The need to hold or protect featuressuch as bridges, airfields, or LZsfrom enemy observation and fires may restrict the positioning of units within a perimeter. Mortars, artillery, tanks, and antiarmor missile systems from within the perimeter engage the enemy at long ranges. (Figure 8-15 shows the terminology associated with the reverse slope defense. 8-83. Supplies loaded on tactical vehicles can be protected against almost anything but a direct hit by constructing berms large enough to accommodate the vehicles and deep enough to keep supplies below ground level.