Rob Orrison, co-founder of Emerging Revolutionary War, has been working in the history field for more than 20 years. In Massachusetts, Middlesex county had provided two while most had provided one (except Worcester which had provided three. Corpral in Capt. Served in the Company commanded by Captain Christopher Woodbridge in the Massachusetts line: Fought and was wounded in the Battle of Bunker Hill: Applied for and received a pension in 1818; Widow Mercy applied and received pension in 1831; Edward HAZEN Jr.sgrandsonBenjamin Jewett (1724 Groton 1776 Ticonderoga, New York). 12) company, Col. John Daggetts regiment. They were known for being ready at a minute's notice, hence the name. It turns out that word of the start of the Revolutionary War spread fast. The Battles of Lexington and Concord, fought on April 19, 1775, kicked off the American Revolutionary War (1775-83). Some work was performed on Bunker Hill, but Breeds Hill was closer to Boston and viewed as being more defensible. The Red Sox game starts at 11 am on Patriots Day, Simon NEWCOMBsgrandson-in-law Capt. This was a major step for the colonies, as it now looked to create a regular standing army to oppose the British. Moses Littles company of minute-men who marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775 to Cambridge Service 5 days. service 10 days, on an alarm at Dartmouth and Falmouth. Return of men in camp at Cambridge dated May 17, 1775; Disbanded December 31, 1775. Another mission was military training to prepare the provincial soldiers for combat and the nature of that combat. Its ironic that 37 years later, in 1812, he watched two of his sons go to war for the British and against the United States. The Minute Men and Their World. Worcester County had managed to already complete the organization and staffing of three Minuteman regiments by April 1775.[10]. Six men from the Company were killed in the battle, including the 1st Sgt, and eight men were wounded. Asa Lawrences company, Col. William Prescotts regiment. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! However, during the confrontation shots were fired. Prescott is known for his order to his soldiers, Do not fire until you see the whites of their eyes, such that the rebel troops may shoot at the enemy at shorter ranges, and therefore more accurately and lethally, and so conserve their limited stocks of ammunition. (See Dudley Tylers section below for the story of this regiment)Isaac was included on a list of surgeons to whom warrants were issued Jun 28, 1775 and was commissioned Jul 5, 1775 by the Massachusetts Prov. Captain, One of the biggest mysteries of April 19, 1775, is who fired the first shot at Lexington. Early that morning, minute men and redcoats will clash on the Lexington town green, re-creating the famous events of April 19, 1775. Col. Spoffordmarched to Cambridge, April 19, 1775. Capt. Brown quotes Continental Army soldier Benjamin Thompson, who expressed the "common sentiment" at the time, which was that minutemen were notoriously poor marksmen with rifles: "Instead of being the best marksmen in the world and picking off every Regular that was to be seen, the continual firing which they kept up by the week and the month has had no other effect than to waste their ammunition and convince the King's troops that they are really not really so formidable. A portion of the militia was well trained and well equipped, and set aside as a ready force. Baloom,Elijah.Private, Capt. 12 Attleborough serving in the 9th campaign, known as the quot;quarter-draft or three months campaign, begun in Dec., 1776;also, Capt. One of the regulars was wounded while 8 members of the militia were killed. (LogOut/ The "Minuteman III" LGM-30G remains in service. [Gage, History of Rowley, p. According to town legend, the march to Cambridge was not only long but hot, and they stopped to quench their thirst at a tavern in the Billerica area, where they may have stayed for a few days. General Clinton, out on reconnaissance that night, was aware of them, and tried to convince Gage and Howe that they needed to prepare to attack the position at daylight. Acton,Mass. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. War.; He was a minute man in Rehoboth who enlisted after hearing the news from Lexington and Concord. Through the remainder of the Revolution, militias moved to adopting the minuteman model for rapid mobilization. He enlisted, 15 Feb 1775, in Capt. He also made sure that every men in his company had a good musket, cartridge box, canteen, and bayonet. He volunteered as a private against the wishes of General Putnam and Colonel William Prescott, who requested that he serve as their commander. With this rapid mustering of forces, the militia proved its value by augmenting the Continental Army on a temporary basis, occasionally leading to instances of numerical superiority. Congress. Observances and re-enactments of these first battles of the American Revolution occur annually at Lexington Green inLexington, (around 6:00 am) and The Old North Bridge inConcord(around 9:00 am). ;also, order for bounty coat or its equivalent in money dated in camp Dec. 11, 1775; Also, Capt. As Captain, he marched to Fort Ticonderoga and thence to Fort Edwards to join forces againstBurgoyne. Joshua marched for the relief of Boston in the Lexington Alarm, April 1775 and was on the roll of Captain Eliphalet Holmes Company of Minute-Men which was raised in May 1776. They were generally younger, more mobile, and provided with weapons and arms by the local governments. Seth Clarks co., Barnstable Co. In August 1636, the first offensive military attack by militias failed when Massachusetts dispatched John Endecott with four companies on an unsuccessful campaign against the Pequot Indians. 225.]. But, with the coming of daylight the surprised British opened a heavy barrage from Copps Hill in Boston and from four warships anchored in the Charles River, less then a mile away. There were also numerous skirmishes near Boston and the coastal areas of Boston, resulting in either loss of life, military supplies, or both. A more accurate representation of the Battle of Lexington by Amos Doolittle in 1775. Hambrick-Stowe, Charles E. and Smerlas, Donna D. (1976). After the fighting ended at Lexington and Concord, the Massachusetts Provincial Congress began to take dispositions from those involved in the fighting on April 19, 1775. In addition, many British commanders learned from experience and effectively modified their light infantry tactics and battle dress to suit conditions in North America. In May of 1774, Hutchinson was relieved by General Thomas Gage, the new Governor of Massachusetts, who arrived with orders to close the port of Boston. He ordered all 128 guns in the harbor, as well as batteries atop Copps Hill in Boston, to fire on the colonial position, which had relatively little effect. About 700British Armyregulars, underLieutenant ColonelFrancis Smith, were given secret orders to capture and destroy military supplies that were reportedly stored by the Massachusettsmilitiaat Concord. Rueben was struck in the right ankle by a bullet which shattered the bone. The fighting along the Battle Road grew bloody as the Regulars marched from Concord towards Lexington and back to Boston. He was first a private in Capt. I was surprised to find the phrase marched on the alarm April 19, 1775 in so many of our ancestors stories. Hannigan, John D. "How many men of color served on April 19, and from which towns? Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. The Battle of Fort Anne, fought on July 8, 1777, was an engagement between Continental Army forces in retreat from Fort Ticonderoga and forward elements of John Burgoynes much larger British army that had driven them from Ticonderoga, early in the Saratoga campaign of the American Revolutionary War. Fact #7: The bloodiest stretch of Battle Road was in Menotomy. John Hancock and Samuel Adams being entertained at the Sewall house on April 19, 1775 Mural by Don Gorvette and Jeff Weaver in the foyer of the Burlington Historical Museum and was painted in 1973. Peter Salem of Framingham, Job Potomea and Isaiah Barjonah of Stoneham, Cuff Whitemore of Cambridge, Prince of Brookline, and Pompey of Braintree were among the Blacks in greater Boston who joined the Minutemen before the battle of Lexington, April 19, 1775. Daniel Emerson, Col. Moses, Nichols, mustered out Aug 1778 and we know of no other Oliver. Fact #4: British General Thomas Gages goal was the military supplies in Concord, not John Hancock or Samuel Adams in Lexington. When the French and Indians raided Massachusetts in 1702, Governor Phips created a bounty which paid 10 shillings each for the scalps of Indians. Lexington, where today a monument to the Minutemen sits on the Battle Green, never created a Minuteman company. The royal authorities inadvertently gave the new Minuteman mobilization plans validation by several "show the flag" demonstrations by General Gage through 1774. The Americans, while losing the battle, had again stood against the British regulars with some success, as they had successfully repelled two assaults on Breeds Hill during the engagement. 26 days;also, company return [probably Oct., 1775]; age, 17 yrs. Join us July 13-16! If the British had taken that step, they might have had a victory with many fewer casualties. built his country house about 1666 on the outskirts of Woburn, now part of Burlington. A month later, he was commissioned Captain, the commission to Reuben Dow, gentleman, signed by Gen Joseph Warren, president pro tem of the Mass Provincial Congress. April 19, 1775: At about 5 a.m., 700 British troops, on a mission to capture Patriot leaders and seize a Patriot arsenal, march into Lexington to find 77 armed minutemen under Captain John Parker . From this point, the siege essentially became astalemate. It is intended that this section will eventually contain the biographies of all those men. Paul Revere and the sons of liberty warned the minutemen that the British would be coming by seathough this was literally by water, meaning they were crossing the Charleston riverseeking to crush patriot resistance before it started. There is still a debate as to whether it was a colonist or a British soldier who fired the first shot. Shooting erupted at Lexington. Here aredriving directions. Aaron Jewetts Co., Col. Samuel Bullards Regiment, enlisted 15 Aug. 1777, discharged 29 Nov. 1777; this company marched to Saratoga. Gerrishs Company was with their townsman Little in the redoubt. He served until the War was over despite his age of being over 50 years old. Thomas Hunts (8th) co., Col. Henry Jacksons regt. The second Company voted Mr. Stephen Perkins, Captain; Mr.Samuel Dodge, Lieutenant; Mr.David Perkins, Ensign;and all the other Officers by a great Majority. (Essex Gazette, Dec. 27, 1774.). One of the more famous ones being the Culpeper, Virginia Minutemenwhich fought at the Battle of Great Bridge on December 9, 1775. The4th Massachusetts Bay Provincial Regimentwas commanded by Colonel Theophilus Cotton, ofPlymouth,who served as colonel until the end of the year. John CHAPLINs grandsonDavid Chaplin (1754 Rowley, Essex, Mass Waterford, Oxford, Maine)was a private in Capt. At that point, an unknown shot came from someone in the ranks or hiding behind the walls and trees. (LogOut/ This was seen at the Battles of Hubbardton and Bennington in the north and at Camden and Cowpens in the south. The two new companies of Col. Fryes Andover Minute Men quickly assembled and started marching through Tewksbury, Billerica and into Bedford. A muster Roll of Capt. At the first outbreak of the Revolution,he took an active and leading part in opposition to the oppressive measures of the British ministry. An illustration of minute-men engaged at the Battle of Lexington. 14 Oct 1779 Joseph was 1st Lieutenant in Capt. David was an innkeeper, and a welltodo merchant in Hebron, but lost his fortune in the Revolution, when he held a wealth of continental currency, which became worthless. Patriots Day is a civic holidaycommemorating the anniversary of theBattles of Lexington and Concord, the first battles of theAmerican Revolutionary War. To the left of the tavern is the Memorial to the Lexington Minutemen of 1775, erected in 1949, and containing the names of the Minutemen who died on the Green in the first battle of the Revolutionary War. February 13, 1777, the town voted to give eight pounds to those who volunteered to serve three years in the American army in addition to what Congress granted. Eleazer Spofford (1739 in Georgetown, Mass 1828 Jeffery, New Hampshire) was Quartermaster in Col. Daniel Spoffords regiment of militia. Its about 5 miles between the two houses. Militias also provided the Continental armies in the field much-needed manpower, albeit on a temporary basis. James Hillss co., Col. John Daggets regt. James Joness co., Gen. Jacksons regt. The house stood on the corner of what is now Lexington St. and Independence Dr. and was known as the Sewall house; the house was destroyed by fire April 23, 1897. Colonial leaders were experts inpublic relationsand knew that they needed to control the narrative of the events in Lexington and Concord if they were to succeed in arevolution. The battles marked the outbreak of openarmed conflictbetween theKingdom of Great Britainand itsthirteen coloniesin the mainland ofBritish North America. John Dexter (1735-1800) Zerubbabel Eager Samuel Gates William Goodall Pomeroy Grove Joel Hager Robert Horn Abraham Howe Luke Howe Samuel Hudson David Hunter Samuel Kelley Edward Knapp Jonathan Lamb William Loring Samuel McNale Francis Mensurve Francis Morse Joseph Newton Aaron Nurse Roger Phelps (1760-1832) Joseph Pulling Ashbel Rice Gershom Rice ; service between July 1 and Dec. 31, 1775, 5 mos. The events tended to have the air of a county festival, where entire communities came out to witness the drill and then host festivities afterward. Abraham Hows co. of Minute-men, which marched from Ipswich (West Parish) on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 2 days; His brothersJoseph, John ,and Daniel all served in the Revolutionary War. On Dec. 6,1774, Attleboro established a superior and an inferior court, to hear and determine controversies that had arisen, or might arise in that town.. TheBattles of Lexington and Concordwere the first military engagements of theAmerican Revolutionary War. Some colonies purchased muskets, cartridge boxes, and bayonets from England, and maintained armories within the colony. Paul Revere did not ride through the countryside shouting The British are coming.. The first shots were fired just as the sun was rising at Lexington. It also exposed the forces there to the possibility of being trapped, as they probably could not properly defend against attempts by the British to land troops and take control of Charlestown Neck. Elijah Bolkcom also served in Captain Stephen Richardsons Company, second in Fourth Regiment in the Second Campaign for Cambridge and in what was called The Six Week Campaign in Roxbury, Masschusetts both in 1775. The bullet, which was extracted, is still preserved; but the effects of the wound are said to have eventually caused or hastened his demise. Elihu enlisted third time as Sgtin Capt Zechariah Hungerfords Company, Col. He filed for pension, S-36135, 14 Apr 1818 in Middlesex Co, CT. Previously, it had been designated as April 19 in observance of the anniversary of theBattles of Lexington and Concord. Two thousand militiamen marched to intimidate the judges and get them to leave. Fact #10: The fighting on April 19, 1775, is one of the best documented battles of the American Revolution. This move would not have been without risks of its own, as the colonists could have made holding the Neck expensive with fire from the high ground in Cambridge. 19 Apr 1775 Joseph was a Sergeant in Capt. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. James Clarks Company, 1775, to march to Boston, where they were at the Battle of Bunker Hill. Boston: Lee and Shepard, 1897. Lexington's Baden Forup and Brayden Fogle were first team selections along with Mansfield Senior's Kyevi Roane and Madison's Jayden Jeffries. They stopped just over the Lexington-Burlington line at Capt. [11] They published the articles of the New England confederation. Though it is uncertain who actually fired the first shot that day, it reverberated throughout history. One of the most significant changes were the terms of service. Most of them re-enlisted in a new company under Captain Dow and the same Lieutenants. [23] The Minute Man statue is still the symbol of the National Guard, featured prominently on its seals. ; list of men who were in the 8 months service at Roxbury in 1775, known as the 1st campaign; also, list of men belonging to Capt. Capron, Benjamin, Jr., Attleborough. D. Williams Patterson said he was a sergeant in the Revolutionary Army.. Edward HAZEN IIsgrandson Edward Hazen (1738 Groton 1796 Little Falls, Herkimer, NY). In the following year, Massachusetts again put a force on the field in collaboration with Plymouth and Connecticut. The Minutemen were aware of this as well. Sergeant, Capt. Jacobs brother Simon was wounded in the thigh at theBattle of White Plainson Oct 28, 1776. Thus impacting the logistics of the British army and playing a key role in keeping Loyalists from playing a larger role in the war. Dudley was in active service in the French and Indian Wars in 1757, 1759, and later campaigns. Roll sworn to at Rehoboth. They found that, "including the sick and absent, it amounted to about 17,000 men, far short of the number wanted, that the council recommended an immediate application to the New England governments to make up the deficiency", resolving to re-organize and increase the size of the militia:[6], As per the section below, the Massachusetts legislature was stymied by Governor Hutchinson from passing a bill so resisting legislators (Samuel Adams being among the leaders) set up Committees of Correspondence (in parallel with their comrades in Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island) that recommended to the militia to increase in size, reorganize, and form special companies of minutemen, who should be equipped and prepared to march at the shortest notice. The image shows left to right: Madam Abigail Jones, Rev. They were fought on April 19, 1775, inMiddlesex County,Province of Massachusetts Bay, within the towns ofLexington,Concord,Lincoln,Menotomy (present-day Arlington), andCambridge, nearBoston. The patriots leader, Captain John Parker, was courageous and fought with his men until the end. Both sides claimed the other side shot first, thus placing blame on their enemy for the bloodshed that ensued. By 1772, James Otis and Samuel Adams used the Town Meetings to start a Committee of Correspondence. In 1778 he was appointed Captain in the 8th Company of the 1st Connecticut Regiment. David WING IV(1732 Brewster 1806 Dennis). Jacob in a distance of more than 200-miles brought him home to Groton, MA on a litter (made by fitting the butt end of small trees to the stirrups of a saddle and covered with a sack of hay). Evan was a private under his father at Bunker Hill. In Concord's two Minutemen companies, fifteen of the 104 still needed to be provided with muskets from the town's arsenal.[19]. The campaign was primarily concerned with the formation of American colonial irregular militia units, and their transformation into a unified Continental Army. ; this house stood on the south side of the Burlington Mall parking lot. Their experience suited irregular warfare. 18 April 1775 Adams and Hancock had fled Boston and were staying at the homeof one of Hancocks relatives in Lexington where they thought they would be safe from the immediate threat of arrest. ; stature, 5 ft. 10 in. They wanted to be a free country and they would fight for it, which proved to be necessary in the end. The need for efficient minuteman companies was illustrated by the Powder Alarm of 1774. Only a few of the militia were known to have returned fire. As war broke out between the colonies and Great Britain, the colonies were forced to adjust and evolve their military establishments. He was among those inspiring the men to hold rank against superior numbers. Few dispersed, and none of them laid down their weapons. March 19, 1776, he was chosen a member of the Committee of Correspondence, Inspection, and Safety. May 22, 1776, he waschosen one of a committee of five to prepare instructions to therepresentative of Attleboro, Capt. John Marrett, led Hancock and Adams to the Amos Wyman house, just over the Burlingon-Billerica border. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote of one of the many events that led to the American Revolution. They did not see active service on that day, however, as they arrived after the battle was over. Aboard his flagshipHMSSomerset, AdmiralSamuel Gravesawoke, irritated by the gunfire that he had not ordered,He stopped it, only to have General Gage countermand his decision when he became fully aware of the situation in the morning. The depositions were ordered by the Massachusetts Provincial Congress for the purpose of establishing the claim that the British fired first. Later he was stationed at Peekskill NY, and participated in the Battle of Saratoga. Thomas COLEMANsgrandsonLt.Dudley Tyler (1739 Rowley . ; list of men serving in the 10th campaign, known as the quarter or three months campaign at Howlands Ferry in 1776 and 1777. These accounts after Lexington and Concord from both sides gives historians agreat insight into the events of April 19, 1775, in an otherwise under documented period of history. 19 Apr 1775 Wing, David, Sandwich. LMM Officers and NCOs The events of April 19, 1775 were a culmination of many altercations between local militia and British Regular soldiers. In May 1653, the Council of Massachusetts said that an eighth of the militia should be ready to march within one day to anywhere in the colony. New Hampshire and Massachusetts. Many simply wore their own farmers' or workmen's clothes and, in some cases, they wore cloth hunting frocks. Tensions had been building for many years between residents of the 13 American. David enlisted for 15 days in the Lexington Alarm, and also joined Capt. After his freedom had been given him, Titus remained a faithful servant of the family until his death. Richardsons co. of No. He enlisted again in Jan or Feb 1776 under Capt. Benjamin was an Ensign, in Capt. Minutemen were members of the organized New England colonial militia companies trained in weaponry, tactics, and military strategies during the American Revolutionary War. He was chosen Captain by election 8th company, 2nd Berkshire Regiment May 4, 1776. and fought at the Battle of Bennington Aug 1777. ], Hollis had been wide awake long in advance and the ordinarily peaceful militia had been carefully drilled for service. Next he was an ensign in Capt. Other New England colonies began to do the same. The British lost 226 killed and 828 wounded for a total of 1,054 or nearly fifty percent of the 2,300 British soldiers engaged. When 700 British Redcoats marched up to Lexington Green at dawn on that morning, the Lexington Minutemen were there to meet them. Below are listed the names of 11 officers including Miles, "Daniel Brown drummer" and "Samuel Darby fifer," followed by 45 names (one neatly erased, one lined out). Alexander Fosters co., Col. Isaac Deans regt. He was killed instantly by a musket ball in the head by a British officer (possibly Lieutenant Lord Rawdon) who recognized him. A very overstated drawing of the Battle of Lexington from an 1815 German history book. Militias in areas such as New Jersey and South Carolina served as strike units against the British supply lines and attacking Loyalist units. Davis Howletts Co., Col. Ashleys Regt., N. H. Militia, which marched from Keene to reinforce the Continental Army at Ticonderoga 3 to 11 July 1777. Rather than exercising his rank, Warren served in the battle as a private soldier, and was killed in combat when British troops stormed the redoubt atopBreeds Hill. Has been working in the north and at Camden and Cowpens in the following,... On Bunker Hill S-36135, 14 Apr 1818 in Middlesex Co, CT British General Thomas Gages was... He marched to Saratoga thus placing blame on their enemy for the colonies, as it now to! Led Hancock and Adams to the full extent allowable under the law served..., 1759, and later campaigns, Mass Waterford, Oxford, Maine ) Quartermaster. Through the countryside shouting the British lost 226 killed and 828 wounded for total... The Revolution, militias moved to adopting the Minuteman model for rapid mobilization in advance and nature. 20 years the articles of the year 1776, he marched to intimidate the judges and get them leave! Was over despite his age of being over 50 years old this will... 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