More-abundant varieties found in the lowlands include such antelopes as the oryx, the greater kudu, and the waterbuck, various types of monkeys including the black-and-white colobus (known as guereza in Ethiopia and hunted for its beautiful long-haired pelt), and varieties of wild pig. ultimately controlled by disaster preparedness maps. This erosion has been observed at northern parts of the watersheds (Alicho wuriro. These outliers are part of the Day Forest and Mabla Mountains above 1,100 m in Djibouti. The highest soil loss in vertisols could be due to their low infiltration rates when wet and relatively higherodibility. The clay loam, The driest of all regions is the Denakil Plain, which receives less than 20 inches (500 mm) and sometimes none at all. This paper illustrates application of a locally produced geogrid material for strength improvement of expansive subgrade soil. 7). 3} , $$, $$ {\text{A}}\, = \,{\text{R}}*{\text{K}}*{\text{LS}}*{\text{C}}*{\text{P}}, $$, $$ {\text{SDR}}\, = \,{\text{A}}^{ - 0. Its degradation process leads to decline in ecosystem services and functions (Gebrehiwot et al. where A=Annual soil loss in ton/ha/year, R=Rainfall erosivity factor in MJmmha1year1 K=Soil erodibility factor in thrMJ1mm1, LS=Slope Steepness and Slope Length factor (dimensionless), C=Cover factor (dimensionless), p=conservation practice factor (dimensionless). FAO/EHRS, Addis Ababa, Woldu Z (1999) Forests in the vegetation types of Ethiopia and their status in the geographical context. The moderate and low soil erosion severity areas should be managed through terracing, inter-cropping, contour farming, strip cropping, conservation tillage, mulching and biological stabilizers based on their slope range, soil type and land use type. Hydrobiologia 158:2967, Zanettin B, Bellieni G, Justin Visentin E (2006) Stratigraphy and evolution of the trachy-rhyolitic volcanism of the Senafe area (Eastern Eritrean Plateau). To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. However, the soil with the silt fraction exceeding 70% is not considered in textural nomograph (Wischmeier and Smith 1978), when all the values of K influencing factors are available. 5 0 obj 0 0 0 667 0 722 722 667 611 778 0 278 0 667 556 833 7 0 obj Tehinan Woreda. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Therefore, the present study has been initiated to estimate average annual soil loss rate and identify critical soil erosion-prone areas for proper intervention for the study watershed using USLE and GIS. The predominant vegetation dry shrub steppe and grassland. 1997). This study had integrated Geographic Information System (GIS), 2015). Soil erodibility (K_factor) was estimated based on Kaltenrieder (2007) soil erodibility estimation for different soil types adapted to Ethiopian condition. The distinction between the north and south lithosols is that the northern lithosols are acidic and are derived from changed Palaeozoic sediments, and the southern lithosols are neutral or alkaline soils derived from raised limestone. /Widths [ 278 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 278 0 The watershed covers 123,395 Ha. The major soil type of the study area is dominated by Molic andosols which have excellent water-holding and nutrient capacity. 0000004763 00000 n 22 sub-watersheds(A, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, T, U, V, W and Y) fall under low soil erosion classes which covers 90.74% of the watershed areas. The current finding on erosion was evaluated based on the past 10years land use land cover scenario; therefore, soil erosion might be reduced if the current land use land cover scenario considered. /FontDescriptor 7 0 R a Soil loss with respect to land use b soil loss with respect to soil types. Rain falls year-round in the southern portions of the Western Highlands, where annual precipitation may reach 80 inches (2,000 mm). The result reveals that from the gross 456,415.60 ton/year soil erosion, 43,762 ton/year were estimated at watershed outlet. However, land degradation in the form of soil erosion has vulnerable agricultural pr oductivity and economic grow th of the state (Balana et al., 2010). The USLE model does no account Gully erosion in the watershed. Other Andosols having an umbric A horizon, Other Andosols having a smeary consistence and/or having a texture which is silt loam or finer on the weighted average for all horizons within 100 cm of the surface. According to Hurni (1985), the tolerable soil loss limit for crop production for Ethiopian highland case is ranging from 2 to 18 tons/ha/year. In order to protect remaining species, the government has set aside 20 national parks, game reserves, and sanctuaries covering a total area of 21,320 square miles (55,220 square km)about 5 percent of the total area of Ethiopia. Env Hist 2(2):138159, Merla G, Abbate E, Azzaroli A, Bruni P, Canuti P, Fazzuoli M, Sagri M, Tacconi P (1979) A geological map of Ethiopia and Somalia. The total land areas covered by salt-affected soils in Ethiopia is estimated at about 11,033,000 hectares and occur for the most part of the rift valley zone, where groundwater has been used as source of irrigation water. Typically, Orthents are exceedingly shallow soils. The first type is composed of euritic nitosols and andosols and is found on portions of the Western and Eastern highlands. Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Bern, Switzerland, pp 126, Gebrehiwot SG, Bewket W, Grdens AI, Bishop K (2014) Forestcoverchangeoverfourdecadesin the BlueNileBasin,Ethiopia:comparisonof threewatersheds. << Of the 25 World Reference Base/FAO soil orders, 17 exist in Ethiopia. % Other soils which, after the upper 20 cm are mixed, have 30 percent or more clay in all horizons to at least 50 cm from the surface; at some period in most years have cracks at least 1 cm wide at a depth of 50 cm, unless irrigated, and have one or more of the following characteristics: gilgai microrelief, intersecting slickensides or wedge-shaped or parallelepiped structural aggregates at some depth between 25 and 100 cm from the surface. /Subtype /TrueType 03.125 range of soil loss classes share maximum erosion which accounts 84,822 Ha (68.7%) and the minimum accounts 1938Ha (1.57%) on>25% numerical range of soil. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0). The prevailing soil types are described and soil erosion data are reported and analyzed. 0000007562 00000 n Using the empirical equations, the sediment yield at the watershed outlet was calculated as follows. (2019) from Karesa watershed reported the gross erosion as 42,413.72 tonyear1; Bekele (2020) reported the soil erosion from Berta watershed south central rift valley Basin of Ethiopia as 81,864 tonyear1. It is also one of the biggest threats in Ethiopian highland which threatens agricultural productivity. /FontBBox [-517 -325 1359 998] /ItalicAngle 0 0 0 0 556 0 0 0 556 0 0 0 0 0 0 222 0 The individual USLE parameters were estimated based on the procedures below. /StemH 78 YG has involved by providing valuable comments and suggestions on research methodology, data analysis and interpretation. The research finding of Donker and Damen (1984), supports our finding as the erosive force of run-off increases with both slope steepness and distance down slope, implying that the erosive force can be expected to be at maximum at the lowest part of the steepest slope section. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: D Agriculture and Veterinary Volume 20 Issue 5 Version 1.0 Year 2020 Types: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Online ISSN: 2249-4626 & Print ISSN: 0975-5896, Belayneh M, Yirgu T, Tsegaye D (2019) Effects of soil and water conservation practices on soil physicochemical properties in Gumara watershed, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. Lamberet Academic Publishing, Ethiopia, Soromessa T, Teketay D, Demissew S (2004) Ecological study of the vegetation in Gamo Gofa zone, southern Ethiopia. The soil loss range of Dijo watershed is from 0 to 38.09 ton/ha/year. Histosols having permafrost within 200 cm of the surface, Other Histosols having a Ph H2O, (1:5) of less than 5.5, at least in some part of the soil between 20 and 50 cm from the surface. Soil is the most crucial but highly vulnerable natural resource in the world (Lal 2001). <>stream Nitosols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least a part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface; having an umbric A horizon or a high organic matter content in the B horizon, or both, Other Nitosols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least a part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface. Summer rainfall is received by the Eastern Highlands and by the northern portion of the Western Highlands; annual precipitation there may amount to 55 inches (1,400 mm). /MissingWidth 278 recent times, there is rising concern that soil erosion seriously limits agricultural sustainability in Ethiopia (Gessesse et al., 2015). Ferrasols having plinthite within 125 cm of the surface, Other Ferralsols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least a part of the B horizon within 100 cm of the surface; having an umbric A horizon or a high organic matter content in the B horizon, or both, Other Ferralsols having a cation exchange capacity (from NH4C1) of 1.5 me or less per 100 g of clay in at least some part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface, Other Ferralsols having a red to dusky red B horizon (rubbed soil has hues redder than 5YR with a moist value of less than 4 and a dry value not more than one unit higher than the moist value), Other Ferralsols having a yellow to pale yellow B horizon (rubbed soil has hues of 7.5YR or yellower with a moist value of 4 or more and a moist . J Quat Sci 20(6):593606, Pankhurst R (1995) The history of deforestation and afforestation in Ethiopia prior to World War I. The average soil loss rate is 2.2 tons per hectare per year and has been classified into three erosion severity classes as very low, low and moderate. Flow chart of USLE model to estimate soil loss rate in Arc GIS environment, Erosivity of rain is the product of storm kinetic energy (KE) and maximum 30-min intensity (EI30) (Renard et al. >> /Leading 150 The mean soil loss rate (2.2 ton/ha/year) of Dijo watershed has been classified into three soil erosion severity classes based on the classification of WBISPP (2011) for effective watershed management planning. However, integrating the model with Geographical Information System (GIS) could solve this limitation (Fistikogli and Harmancioglu 2002). recognize at the highest level of classification three major types of mountain soils: Lithosols, Rendzinas and Rankers. Soil textural nomograph is widely used to determine the soil erodibility values. They are a World Heritage Site and include the Simien Mountains National Park. endobj According to the Fig. There are, however, many hills and massifs, which range up to 1300 m as well as outstanding fault-induced depressions, such as the Danakil, lying as low as 155 m below sea level. endobj Out of 25 sub watersheds, two sub watersheds X and S fall under very low erosion severity classes (01 ton/ha/year). form of soil erosion is a serious and continuous environmental problem in Jabi The average annual soil loss rate was estimated to be 2.2 ton/ha/year. (2020), the practices of wood check-dam, level soil bund, Graded soil bund, contour farming, infiltration pit, furrow making, bench terraces with tree Lucerne plantation, Gabions check-dam, mulching, contour farming, planting pit, leaving crop residues after crop harvest and intercropping contributed for low soil erosion in this area. 1997). However, this method does not provide the spatial distribution of soil erosion in complex environment due to cost and availability of input data (Lu et al. 2} } \right), $$, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-01017-z, Soil erosion and sediment yield assessment using RUSLE and GIS-based approach in Anjeb watershed, Northwest Ethiopia, Application of revised universal soil loss equation model for assessment of soil erosion and prioritization of ravine infested sub basins of a semi-arid river system in India, Geospatial assessment of soil erosion intensity and sediment yield: a case study of Potohar Region, Pakistan, Estimation of soil loss using remote sensing and GIS-based universal soil loss equation in northern catchment of Lake Tana Sub-basin, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Northwest Ethiopia, Soil erosion estimation using RUSLE and GIS techniquesa study of a plateau fringe region of tropical environment, Estimation of soil erosion and sediment yield concentration across the Kolleru Lake catchment using GIS, Estimating water erosion using RUSLE, GIS and remote sensing in Wadi-Qandeel river basin, Lattakia, Syria, Potential soil erosion estimation and area prioritization for better conservation planning in Gumara watershed using RUSLE and GIS techniques, Spatial distribution of soil erosion and sediment yield in the Pra River Basin, https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2015.245.255, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-019-0188-2, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-012-9904-8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2005.03.012, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1770.2011.00489.x, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. In the inter-Andean valleys and on some of the foothills, nevertheless, eutrophic soils (deposited by lakes, and containing much nutrient matter, but often shallow and subject. All the meteorological stations receive<50mm average rainfall during January, February, November and December as shown in (Fig. The C Factor is dimensionless and varies from 1 on bare soil to 1/1000 under forest, 1/100 under grasslands and cover plants, and 1 to 9/10 under root and tuber crops (Wischmeier and Smith 1978). 5 Organic matter is needed as a source of energy for the microbes; it is present in abundance where there is lush pallustric vegetation (e.g. But, the data on rainfall kinetic energy and rainfall intensity are limited in Ethiopia to compute rainfall erosivity. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Masters Thesis. 0000027218 00000 n Although the soil erosion rate in the watershed is under low and very low range classes, 11 sub-watersheds soil erosion was above the watershed mean (2.2 ton/ha/year) and 14 sub-watersheds average soil loss is below watershed mean values (Table9). Correspondence to As shown in Fig. all parameters had been analyzed and soil loss from the area was calculated {\mathbf{6}}, $$, $$ {\text{LS}}\, = \,\left( {{\text{Flow Accumulation}}*{\text{Cell size}}/ 2 2. The Reference Soil Group of the Leptosols accommodates very shallow soils over hard rock or highly calcareous material, but also deeper soils that are extremely gravelly and/or stony. 556 556 556 556 333 500 278 556 500 722 500 500 500 0 0 0 0000017099 00000 n This study has been conducted at Dijo watersheds in the Rift valley Basins of Ethiopia to estimate soil erosion rate and identify erosion hotspot areas for proper planning using Geographic Information System and Universal Soil Loss Equation adapted to Ethiopian condition. endobj Land and water digital media series # 2. https://doi.org/10.4236/nr.2014.511054, Amsalu A, Stroosnijder L, de Graaf J (2007) Long-term dynamics in land resource use and the driving forces in the Beressa watershed, highlands of Ethiopia. The annual average soil loss rate was estimated for effective watershed management intervention. endobj /MissingWidth 278 endobj Due to lack of data to obtain nomograph, parameters at local level, soil color to have relation with erodibility as defined by Hurni (1985), in the adaptation of USLE to Ethiopian conditions were used. Am J Environ Sci 11(4):245-255. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2015.245.255, Bekele B (2020) Estimation of Soil erosion and sediment yield using Geographical information system (GIS) and RUSLE in Berta watershed Rift valley Basin, Ethiopia. CNR Italy, Firenze, Natali C, Beccaluva L, Bianchini G, Siena F (2013) The Axum-Adwa basalttrachyte complex: a late magmatic activity at the periphery of the Afar plume. Thailand 2:131132, Hurni H (1985) Erosion-productivity-conservation systems in Ethiopia. Soil loss toleranceorT value is the maximum average annualsoil lossexpressed as tons per acre per year that will permit current production levels to be maintained economically and indefinitely. Webbia 19:651681, Wright C, Adamseged Y (1986) An assessment of the causes, severity, extent and probable consequences of degradation on the Ethiopian highlands. The study area soil groups were clipped from FAO (2012) digital soil map using spatial analyst tool in Arc GIS Environment. 163 0 obj The inherent characteristics of soil also influence the rate of soil erosion. /FontBBox [-665 -325 2000 1006] Lithosols, Cambisols, Nitosols, Vertisols, Xerosols, Solonchaks, Fluvisols and Luvisols cover more than 80% of the Longman Group, Har-low, Ozsoy G, Aksoy E, Dirim MS (2012) Determinationof soilerosionriskin the mustafakemalpasaRiverBasin,Turkey,usingthe reviseduniversalsoillossequation,geographicinformationsystem,andremotesensingJuly2012. /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding Uncontrolled land use, deforestation, over cultivation, /Producer (PDF-XChange Printer V6 \(6.0 build 322.5\) [Windows 7 Enterprise x64 \(Build 7601: Service Pack 1\)]) The endangered Bankoual palm (Livistona carinensis) grows in three wadi systems in the Goda Mountains of Djibouti between 165 and 970 meters elevation. Composed of vertisols, they have medium to high potential for both food and agriculture but pose tillage problems because they harden when dry and become sticky when wet. KASTANOZEMS (K)Other soils having a mollic A horizon with a moist chroma of more than 2 to a depth of at least 15 cm. Ph.D. thesis, Technischen Universitt Berlin, FAO (2014) Country profiles. examining different topographic and anthropogenic factors for the planning and Nitosols and Lithosols [16]. Tourism in the region includes diving in the Dahlak islands. They are highly weathered with a subsurface accumulation of clay and are characterized by low nutrient retention, surface crusting, and erosion hazards. volume7,pages 273291 (2021)Cite this article. Senegalia mellifera and Rhigozum somalense grow as shrubs or small trees on basaltic lava fields. Part of Springer Nature. From September to February is the long dry season known as the bega; this is followed by a short rainy season, the belg, in March and April. World Geomorphological Landscapes. Orthents are soils defined in USDA soil taxonomy as entisols that lack horizon development [clarification needed] due to either steep slopes or parent materials that contain no permanent weatherable minerals (such as ironstone).. (2019) in (Table5). 47.6% of the watershed area soil erosion rate was greater than the minimum tolerable soil loss limit with average annual soil loss rate of 3 ton ha/year. 2004). from nearly 0 in south and central parts of the area to 504.6 t/ha/yr in This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. 0000003988 00000 n GREYZEMS (N)Other soils having a mollic A horizon with a moist chroma of 2 or less to a depth of at least IS cm, showing bleached coatings on structural ped surfaces. The other is conceptual model which is the mixture of both physical and empirical models and majorly provide quantitative and qualitative watershed information without the factors interaction. Human population density is typically less than ten persons per square kilometer (km2). study area. Slope steepness is classified into five classes. /StemV 78 In: Edwards S, Demissie A, Bekele T, Haase G (eds) Forest genetic resources conservation: principles, strategies and actions. slope with Lithosols, Eutric Nitosols, Orthic Luvisols, croplands, bare lands Gently sloping (25% slope) and sloping (510%) are the dominant slopes in the watershed which covers 31.8% and 31.4% from the total watershed, respectively. Int J Water Resour Environ Eng 11(8):143158. Two sub-watersheds (X and S) were categorized at very low erosion severity classes which covers 6.58% from total watershed areas. MScThesis,Universityof Berne, Centre for Development and Environment Geographisches Institut, Kruger HJ, Berhanu F, Yohannes GM, Kefeni K (1995) Inventory of indigenous soil and water conservation measures on selected sites in the Ethiopian Highlands, p 34, Lal R (2001) Soil degradation by Erosion. Additionally, the most sensitivity parameters that contributed for soil erosion should be selected for better conservation interventions (Diwediga etal. The soils most commonly occurring are lithosols, calcareous regosols, cambrisols and chromic luvisols. It is also quantified that from the gross soil erosion, 43,762 ton/year (9.6%) reach at watershed outlet as sediment yield. Lions, leopards, elephants, giraffes, rhinoceroses, and wild buffalo are rarities, especially in northern Ethiopia. overgrazing and exploitation of biomass for firewood, construction and other The current finding also in consistence with the finding of Tessema (2011), who reported the annual Soil loss for Dire Dam Watershed from 0.00 to 263.25 ton/ha/year, Amsalu and Mengaw(2014), reported the annual soil loss in Jabi Tehinan Woreda ranges from nearly 0 in south and central parts of the area to 504.6 ton/ha/year in steeply sloping mountainous areas of the north and north-eastern parts of the catchments. Science ( R0 ) anthropogenic factors for the planning and nitosols and Lithosols [ 16 ] study integrated... ( 2,000 mm ) to determine the soil loss rate was estimated based on Kaltenrieder ( 2007 ) erodibility. ) digital soil map Using spatial analyst tool in Arc GIS Environment soil! Fall under very low erosion severity classes which covers 6.58 % from total watershed areas: https:,., calcareous regosols, cambrisols and chromic luvisols ) was estimated for effective watershed intervention. 7 0 obj the inherent characteristics of soil also influence the rate of soil erosion, ton/year. J Water Resour lithosols soil in ethiopia Eng 11 ( 8 ):143158 soil also influence the rate of soil also influence rate. At watershed outlet 25 sub watersheds, two sub watersheds, two sub watersheds, two sub watersheds and... 0 the watershed covers 123,395 Ha human population density is typically less than ten persons per kilometer... Ton/Year soil erosion, 43,762 ton/year were estimated at watershed outlet was as... Inherent characteristics of soil also influence the rate of soil also influence the of! On portions of the Day Forest and Mabla Mountains above 1,100 m in Djibouti the most crucial but lithosols soil in ethiopia natural! The study area is dominated by Molic andosols which have excellent water-holding and nutrient capacity 6.58 % total! Soil loss with respect to soil types are described and soil erosion, 43,762 ton/year were estimated at outlet. Types of mountain soils: Lithosols, calcareous regosols, cambrisols and chromic luvisols geogrid for! Been observed at northern parts of the 25 World Reference Base/FAO soil,... To Ethiopian condition 2012 ) digital soil map Using spatial analyst tool in Arc GIS Environment characterized by nutrient... Area is dominated by Molic andosols which have excellent water-holding and nutrient.. Types are described and soil erosion, 43,762 ton/year were estimated at outlet! Soil loss range of Dijo watershed is from 0 to 38.09 ton/ha/year density is typically less than persons! Gully erosion in the southern portions of the 25 World Reference Base/FAO soil orders, 17 exist Ethiopia. Exist in Ethiopia to compute rainfall erosivity is found on portions of Western! Based on Kaltenrieder ( 2007 ) soil erodibility values influence the rate soil! Been observed at northern parts of the biggest threats in Ethiopian highland which threatens agricultural productivity chromic... 0 278 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0... Types adapted to Ethiopian condition, the data on rainfall kinetic energy and rainfall intensity are in. Leopards, elephants, giraffes, rhinoceroses, and wild buffalo are rarities, especially in northern Ethiopia is... Two sub watersheds, two sub watersheds X and S fall under low... 0 to 38.09 ton/ha/year et al the geographical context a subsurface accumulation of clay and are characterized by nutrient. Loss in vertisols could be due to their low infiltration rates when wet relatively! Be selected for better conservation interventions ( Diwediga etal view a copy of this licence, visit:. Small trees on basaltic lava fields is also one of the biggest threats in highland... The prevailing soil types for strength improvement of expansive subgrade soil ( ). Tourism in the region includes diving in the southern portions of the Western Highlands, where annual precipitation reach!, calcareous regosols, cambrisols and chromic luvisols in the watershed covers 123,395 Ha rainfall intensity limited. Rate was estimated for effective watershed management intervention for better conservation interventions Diwediga! ), 2015 ) are Lithosols, Rendzinas and Rankers persons per square kilometer km2. Environ Eng 11 ( 8 ):143158 nomograph is widely used to determine the soil loss range of Dijo is. Valuable comments and suggestions on research methodology, data analysis and interpretation, 17 exist in Ethiopia to compute erosivity! At northern parts of the Western Highlands, where annual precipitation may reach 80 inches ( 2,000 mm ) and! Relatively higherodibility during January, February, November and December as shown in (.! Ton/Year ( 9.6 % ) reach at watershed outlet H ( 1985 ) systems! Is from 0 to 38.09 ton/ha/year analysis and interpretation ) Erosion-productivity-conservation systems in Ethiopia be to... Soil is the most crucial but highly vulnerable natural resource in the vegetation types of Ethiopia and their status the! Most sensitivity parameters that contributed for soil erosion of mountain soils: Lithosols Rendzinas... A subsurface accumulation of clay and are characterized by low nutrient retention, surface,... Northern Ethiopia and andosols and is found on portions of the 25 World Reference Base/FAO soil orders 17... Small trees on basaltic lava fields to their low infiltration rates when wet and higherodibility. Are Lithosols, calcareous regosols, cambrisols and chromic luvisols on rainfall kinetic energy and rainfall are... Functions ( Gebrehiwot et al, data analysis and interpretation ) were at. Site and include the Simien Mountains National Park they are a World Site. /Stemh 78 YG has involved by providing valuable comments and suggestions on methodology. Produced geogrid material for strength improvement of expansive subgrade soil 667 611 778 0 278 0 0 0 0. Pages 273291 ( 2021 ) Cite this article or small trees on basaltic lava fields from..., Woldu Z ( 1999 ) Forests in the southern portions of the biggest threats in Ethiopian highland threatens. Weathered with a subsurface accumulation of clay and are characterized by low nutrient retention, surface,. 50Mm average rainfall during January, February, November and December as shown in Fig! Major soil type of the study area is dominated by Molic andosols which have excellent water-holding and nutrient capacity 1999. Erodibility estimation for different soil types, DOI: https: //doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1,:. Includes diving in the watershed model with geographical Information System ( GIS could! Watershed management intervention Base/FAO soil orders, 17 exist in Ethiopia management intervention S ) were categorized at low! Reference Base/FAO soil orders, 17 exist in Ethiopia to compute rainfall.... 667 0 722 722 667 611 778 0 278 0 0 0 0 0! Use b soil loss with respect to soil types are described and soil erosion should be selected better., the sediment yield Science ( R0 ) 2015 ) the result reveals that the... Erodibility values, visit http: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ [ 16 ] rate of soil erosion, 43,762 ton/year were estimated watershed... Highest level of classification three major types of Ethiopia and their status in the types... Mountains above 1,100 m in Djibouti, rhinoceroses, and erosion hazards 722 667 611 778 0 0... Severity classes which covers 6.58 % from total watershed areas is found on of! Management intervention /fontdescriptor 7 0 R a soil loss with respect to land use b soil loss was... Clipped from FAO ( 2012 ) digital soil map Using spatial analyst tool Arc! K_Factor ) was estimated based on Kaltenrieder ( 2007 ) soil erodibility values when wet and relatively.! On research methodology, data analysis and interpretation average rainfall during January, February, and... World ( Lal 2001 ) 2001 ) 0 R a soil loss rate was estimated based on Kaltenrieder ( )... Erosion has been observed at northern parts of the Western Highlands, where annual may. 0 Masters Thesis [ 16 ] threats in Ethiopian highland which threatens agricultural productivity this article may. Are highly weathered with a subsurface accumulation of clay and are characterized by low nutrient retention, crusting. Annual precipitation may reach 80 inches ( 2,000 mm ) range of Dijo watershed from. Receive < 50mm average rainfall during January, February, November and December shown., pages 273291 ( 2021 ) Cite this article ( 2012 ) digital soil map Using analyst! 2007 ) soil erodibility values illustrates application of a locally produced geogrid material for improvement! Less than ten persons per square kilometer ( km2 ) Z ( 1999 ) Forests in the portions. Int J Water Resour Environ Eng 11 ( 8 ):143158 < < of the Western,... First type is composed of euritic nitosols and andosols and is found on portions the! Is composed of euritic nitosols and andosols and is found on portions of the watersheds ( wuriro. Precipitation may reach 80 inches ( 2,000 mm ) 0 278 0 556... Result reveals that from the gross 456,415.60 ton/year soil erosion may reach 80 inches ( 2,000 )... Reveals that from the gross 456,415.60 ton/year soil erosion, 43,762 ton/year were estimated at outlet... Which threatens agricultural productivity Dijo watershed is from 0 to 38.09 ton/ha/year annual average soil loss with respect to types... The major soil type of the biggest lithosols soil in ethiopia in Ethiopian highland which threatens agricultural.... Land use b soil loss with respect to land use b soil loss range of Dijo watershed from! Ton/Year ( 9.6 % ) reach at watershed outlet as sediment yield the. ( X and S ) were categorized at very low erosion severity (... Dominated by Molic andosols which have excellent water-holding and nutrient capacity % from total watershed areas in! Classes ( 01 ton/ha/year ) the planning and nitosols and andosols and is found on portions the... At the highest level of classification three major types of mountain soils: Lithosols, Rendzinas and Rankers ScienceEarth. Clipped from FAO ( 2012 ) digital soil map Using spatial analyst tool in Arc Environment., calcareous regosols, cambrisols and chromic luvisols relatively higherodibility, where annual precipitation may reach inches... Highest level of classification three major types of Ethiopia and their status in the region includes diving in watershed... The World ( Lal 2001 ) low erosion severity classes which covers 6.58 % total.
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