For SQLite-backed stores, Core Data provided ubiquitous persistent storage. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer also has to understand, how the concepts of owners and participants apply, Let's imagine I have a collection of people. Build apps that share data through CloudKit and Core Data Learn how to easily build apps that share data between multiple iCloud users with NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. I had to build new user interface elements, to display information about the participants, All of this work required accessing some metadata. Here in Xcode, I've opened our sample application, and there's a specific property on the post entity, I can see its configuration in the data model inspector, to be an optional Transformable attribute. This is a thorny problem with many gotchas and pitfalls, but users expect the feature, and expect it to work well. Then, replace the following code: This code uses isShared to determine whether a record is part of a share. which brings us to the second key concept: and CloudKit structure these shared objects. Using a single managed object context, my application can access data in both stores. I can see my new album with the photo I shared. However, Apple strongly urges developers to use the operations rather than the convenience methods. Were you able to figure it out? It rejects specific requests with enough error context in the response to allow each client to make a local, enlightened decision about how to resolve the conflict. After a short wait, the post I created on Jermaine's device is now visible on this device. In this article, Ill demonstrate how to use CloudKit to keep a users data in sync between multiple clients. I left off the scaffolding for creating the sample data, but the test crafts a mixed set of managed objects that it identifies as shared or not shared by the presence of their objectID in this set. I get a Error Fetching Record error, even if I copy and paste it in. and how that affects the types of experiences you can build. Finally, this test asks the MainViewController for its table cells, verifying that the ones I've included in the sharedObjectIDs set have the expected prefix and the cells that correspond to unshared objects don't. This method accepts the share with the CloudKit server in the container associated with the persistent store I provide-- here, the shared store for my application. CloudKit - Share Files between Users via a URL, https://github.com/iRareMedia/iCloudDocumentSync, https://github.com/usebutton/ios-deeplink-sdk, The open-source game engine youve been waiting for: Godot (Ep. For example, I might need to know whether or not an object is shared. I've had to make a number of changes to the user interface. These can be normal push notifications familiar to iOS users (such as sound, banner, or badge), or in CloudKit, they can be a special class of notification called silent pushes. For example, this user may have a private zone. To this point, youve created a journal entry and shared it with another user. Instead of invoking methods on NSPersistentCloudKitContainer directly, I built a protocol that exposes a specific method for each customization I needed. At WWDC 2021, Apple introduced a way for you to share your data with other iCloud users and invite them to contribute to your apps data. It has a wide variety of actions I can take. Then setup deeplinking for your app. CloudKit automatically configures every CloudKit-enabled app out of the box to have a public CKDatabase (all users of the app can see everything) and a private CKDatabase (each user sees only their own data). Photos supports another option for sharing: Photos shared albums create a shared collection of images. CloudKit provides you ready to use data sharing API that allows you to implement collaborative features of your app without much effort. These are all the changes I had to make for my first demo, but my application also needs to effectively communicate. At least one real device To send and accept share invitation(s). Why was the nose gear of Concorde located so far aft? I've already saved Heather and Mary in my address book. If you have any questions or comments, please join the forum discussion below. On Mary's device, I'll open Mail and tap the link inside the email I sent, which opens up my application. For example purposes, I included a basic sanity check to make sure I am updating the correct record, and then update the fields and notify the delegate that we have new data. Now, when you stop sharing a particular object and the user syncs with CloudKit, the objects removed from their device. And I'd like to show you one specific call site. Sharing CloudKit Data with Other iCloud Users Create and share private CloudKit data with other users by implementing the sharing UI. This seems to be a good tool for that: https://github.com/usebutton/ios-deeplink-sdk The largest and most up-to-date collection of courses and books on iOS, Last, if the current user of that share is the owner, returns. And you can see it's a bit more complicated than the simple injection I used in the test. To help navigate some of this complexity you can extend CKError with a few helper methods. Once set up, operations are passed to the CKDatabase object, where theyll be executed on a background thread. Last modified on 10 November 2016, at 04:29, An Introduction to CloudKit Data Storage on iOS 10. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer turns those managed objects into instances of CKRecord that are stored in CloudKit. Tapping that brings up the set of participants. When you create a destination, the data is being persisted via Core Data locally in your app. The first is the notion of a set of actors. First, update your container type to NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. Swift 5.6 | iOS 15 | Xcode 13 Table of Contents CloudKit Notifications provide the means to find out when records have been updated by another client. From this screen, you can take a few actions. Was Galileo expecting to see so many stars? uses Record Zone Sharing to share managed objects. Learn to share data between CoreData and CloudKit in a SwiftUI app. As with hierarchical sharing, this record contains all of the information necessary to work with the zone, like the owner, the participants, and their permissions and roles. That means we can't change our mind later and choose to encrypt fields that aren't already encrypted today in production. Notice the role and permission for each user. I simply give the new album a title and then tap Next to choose the set of participants. Does Cast a Spell make you a spellcaster? the main reason the SharingProvider exists: testing. If it is, then this object is already shared. that controls who can access these zones that I own. These silent pushes happen entirely without user visibility or interaction, and as a result, dont require the user to enable push notification for your app, saving you many potential user-experience headaches as an app developer. catalogue of 50+ books and 4,000+ videos. At the top right is the edit button, which presents a modal to edit your destinations caption and description. Users may not be signed in, they may have disabled CloudKit for the app, they may be in airplane modethe list of exceptions goes on. This framework ( https://github.com/iRareMedia/iCloudDocumentSync) was released before CloudKit and supports an easy way of sharing: You get a URL that you can send to another user and he can directly download what you shared with him. So that's how we use NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to combine the .private and .shared databases, create shares for objects, and accept sharing invitations. Over time, however, Apple has addressed these issues. The following code, for example, fetches the record associated with a CloudKit share: Once the record has been fetched it can be presented to the user, taking necessary steps as above to perform any user interface updates asynchronously on the main thread. The owner is the iCloud account that actually owns an object. The app designer is always in the best position to define rules for these situations, which can include everything from context-aware automatic merging to user-directed resolution instructions. but the resulting confidence and reliability are well worth it. Xcode prefixes the container name with iCloud. Select recordName from the list and ensure the index type is Queryable. In this article, Toptal Software Engineer Paul Young demonstrate how to use CloudKit to keep a users data in sync between multipleclients. As I mentioned, the SharingProvider includes a number of other important methods for the sample application, and I encourage you to check out their implementations and the tests I wrote for how they impact the user interface. He loves solving hard problems. Below the Data section, click Records. with the CloudKit server in the container associated. It: Now, open DestinationDetailView.swift. Along the way, Ill take a look at some of the trickier aspects of cloud-based data synchronization, including conflict handling and inconsistent network layer behavior. Checks whether the object is shared. As always, I can't wait to see what you build with NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. Then, select the CloudKit checkbox to enable the feature. In Swift, individual fields on a CKRecord can be accessed via the subscript operator. But this isn't how NSPersistentCloudKitContainer works. than the simple injection I used in the test. But ideally, we would have a single place directly in the Photos app where my friends and I can share our photos with each other. to combine the .private and .shared databases. There are a couple of special situations to be aware of when you save a note. In this session, I'll show you how to easily build applications that use NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to share data with multiple iCloud users. This chapter has covered the basics of CloudKit sharing, a topic which will be covered further in a later chapter entitled An iOS CloudKit Sharing Example. Likewise, I can't swipe to delete this post, and if I put the table view in editing mode by tapping the Edit button, I can't delete this post. that I've added to bring up the sharing controller. In many cases, it can infer where records belong based on the relationship they have to other objects. Public databases provide a "soup" of all the data that the user has access to. Then, I set its CloudKit container options databaseScope property to .shared. Swift, Android, Kotlin, Flutter, Dart, Server-Side Swift, Unity, and more! Amazing! Finally, this test asks the MainViewController, in the sharedObjectIDs set have the expected prefix. When you ask CloudKit to save the record, this is where you may have to handle a conflict due to another client updating the record since the last time you fetched it. This is a cute trick in Swift that allows me to simply check if the provided objectID is in sharedObjectIDs. share(_ managedObjects: to share: completion:) is a new method designed to pair directly with UICloudSharingController. CloudKit provides a variety of features for data storage, synchronization, and sharing, and can be used to build data-driven applications that require a cloud-based backend. Next, I'll tap Mail and invite Jermaine and Mary. I adopted a new method on NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to create the share. For apps that are targeted to Apples user base, however, it provides a deeply powerful mechanism for user authentication and data synchronization. I'm going to start by launching my application on Jermaine's device and tapping this plus(+) sign in the upper-right corner to create a new post. to write all of these tests and structure the application. Rather than relying on individual notifications to give you detailed knowledge of what change an individual notification represents, you use a notification to simply indicate that something has changed, and then you can ask CloudKit whats changed since the last time you asked. to instantiate an instance of UICloudSharingController. Before CloudKit, inconsistent behavior and weak debugging tools made it almost impossible to deliver a top quality product using the first generation iCloud APIs. In the event of a conflict, CloudKit gives you, in the returned CKError, three full CKRecords to work with: By looking at the modified fields of these records, you can decide which record occurred first, and therefore which data to keep. Both the CKShare and associated CKRecord object are then saved to the private database. Download iOS 13.0+ iPadOS 13.0+ Xcode 13.0+ Mac Catalyst 13.0+ Overview As technology advances, people collaborate with others through cloud-based apps more than ever. Add the following code to the extension block: The code above calls the async version of share(_:to:) to share the destination youve selected. Notice your shared record now has an icon indicating its shared with other users. Because of this, when the app launches and you sync with iCloud, the data you have in iCloud synchronizes with your device and automatically displays. Next, open DestinationDetailView.swift. Third, create an iCloud container that hosts your data in iCloud. I might need to know whether or not an object is shared. But let's take a look at how NSPersistentCloudKitContainer uses Record Zone Sharing to share managed objects. Let's look at that change in a bit more detail. CloudKit automatically creates a default zone for the private database. Specify record type as CD_Destination. This new checkbox tells NSPersistentCloudKitContainer, should be stored in the encryptedValues payload. And now I can see the new post. This means not only the owner but also the second user can modify the data shared with them. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer typically manages a private zone. In this example case, its only going to be one note record, but its not hard to see how this could be extended to a range of different record types and instances. In this article, Ive explored the core CloudKit API mechanism for keeping data in sync between multiple iOS clients. On Mary's device, I'll accept the new share, and now I can see the new post. Careful error handling is absolutely essential for a CloudKit client. And I'd like to show you one specific call site in the MainViewController, where I needed to know whether or not an object is shared. And here on the table, I have a small pool of devices with me, each logged in to an iCloud account belonging to Heather, Jermaine, or Mary. To bring up the sharing controller single managed object context, my application is! 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