1981 Todd Strasser (Morton Rhue) Novelization "The Wave". Retrieved from https . The Third Wave (experiment) The Third Wave was an experimental social movement created by California high school history teacher Ron Jones in 1967 to explain how the German population could accept the actions of the Nazi regime during the Second World War. "Everyone turned in shock. While the class sat in stern silence I began to talk lecture sermonize about the value of community. Several friends of mine posing as reporters and photographers began to interact with the crowd taking pictures and jotting frantic descriptive notes. The first day, the students acted almost as if it were a game and obeyed the commands of their teacher who they already trusted and respected. A blank field of white. The authority of Ron Jones acted as a force, a power, similar to that of Eichmann, the difference being that Jones was not motivated by evil, rather the opposite. At twelve o'clock sharp I closed the room and placed guards at each door. Yes, I had been pushing information at them in an extremely controlled setting but the fact that they found it comfortable and acceptable was startling. Strength Through Action!" Be in the small auditorium ten minutes before 12:00. A hushed silence shrouded the room. Evidently, experimentation in the social sciences is different. I was shocked! So, he decided to demonstrate this . [9] The students proceeded to conduct trials for those thought to be not loyal enough to the movement, with punishment consisting of banishment to the school library. To give validity to the seriousness of my words I turned to the three women in the class whom I knew had questioned the Third Wave. Here I was enacting an authoritarian learning environment and it seemed very productive. Adolf Eichmann, however, was no ordinary man. How Witch-Hunts From the Left are Handing Victory to the Religious-Right, Charlie Hebdo and Free Speech Youre Either With Us or Against Us, The Destructiveness of the White Fragility Phenomenon, Why Neuralinks Pigs Are Hogging the Limelight, Reexamining the Third Wave Experiment and the 'Banality of Evil', On the Radical Feminist Colonisation of Prostitution Discourse, 7 Extraordinary Things The Ancient Greeks Gave Us. It was a silent signal of recognition. We practiced this new attention position over and over. For 50 years, the conclusions of such experiments have indicated a certain interpretation of the banality of evil, which is that in each ordinary person there resides a capacity for committing atrocities when confronted with an authority figure. Eyes strained and pulled at the light but the pattern didn't change. No one laughed. I was following the group dictate as much as I was directing it. Sort by: best. With everyone sitting at attention I slowly raised my arm and with a cupped hand I saluted. Yes, we know in a small way what it feels like to find a hero. Ron's problem is he let it get out of control and that is why he was fired. Once again I faced the thoughts of closing the experiment or letting it go its own course. "Pride is more than banners or salutes. In as such as there were several months still to go in the school year and I was already at World War II, I decided to take a week and explore the question. The Nazis also hid many of their crimes from their own people, named themselves national socialists (when they were, in fact, not socialist but fascist) and managed to abolish unemployment (food was nevertheless lacking across the country, much like in Stalins Ukraine). We carry it like a disease. Emotions were mixed and anticipation ran riot, especially since Jones had warned all those who didnt show up that they would fail their history class. The Third Wave experiment involved the use of authoritarian dynamics similar to Nazi Party methods of mass control in a classroom setting by high school teacher Ron Jones in Palo Alto, California, in 1967 with the goal of demonstrating to the class in a vivid way how the German public in World War II could have acted in the way it did. This article is about the social experiment. I made up stories from my experiences as an athlete, coach and historian. The Third Wave had become the center of their existence. It's raising a barn with your neighbors, it's feeling that you are a part of something beyond yourself, a movement, a team, La Raza, a cause. Taken to an extreme we have seen and perhaps felt what these actions will lead to. O my Gosh, I thought this story was amazing. Discipline. His role playing spilled out of the class into all of the school. Klink, Bill. It's a bit of both isn't it? According to the witness statements given in 2011 by Joness former students, the negative psychological effects were nil, but they had learned a lesson they would never forget. He could do something. Oh, you think to yourself that you were just going along for the fun. I sure do, it was one of the most frightening events I ever experienced In the classroom. Strength through discipline In the martial atmosphere of the class they seemed stunned and pensive. A report of the proceedings by George Williams, delegate of the IWW (Industrial Workers of the World). I was in his first class after he was hired at Cubberley HS, in Palo Alto, after he graduated from Stanford University. I felt very alone and a little scared. There was not a murmur of resistance. "There isn't any leader is there?" Waiting. However, you wrote, "Our class came up with the motto the "the third wave" and the salute" What else was inaccurate in Ron's account? I began to think of myself as a part of the experiment. I felt air rush back into the room. Composite by Coffee or Die . Knowing that one is being monitored changes ones behaviour significantly. It was too late to step back. . I graduated in 1967 and lost contact with Ron, But my mother worked at the school and kept me up to date as to what was going on with him. Evil becomes banalised by human beings, but it is not in itself banal. [9] Jones instructed three students to report to him when other members of the movement failed to abide by the rules. Simultaneous to this announcement over 1000 youth groups from every part of the country would stand up and display their support for such a movement. Kids were instructed in posture, began each remark with Mr. and saluted. Jones decided to continue the experiment after observing his students' strict adherence to the previous day's rules. Robert was at my side. He was polite and condescending. "Can we bring friends?" I now can appreciate why the astronomer turns relentlessly to the telescope. In the case of war criminals such as Adolf Eichmann, he constructed no banal excuses for his actions, and acted according to his own ideals and his own plans, according to those already set up by the Nazi regime. Oh, we talked and studied our actions intently. He then apologized to them for how far it all had gone, and played them a film about the Nazi regime to conclude the experiment.[9]. A belief that demands a strong leader and discipline to preserve social order. Jones was himself alarmed by how far his students took the movement to heart and how they orchestrated a group of guardians and SS style spies to worm out the traitors to the movement. Everyone seemed to be listening more intently. The experiment took place at Cubberley High School in Palo Alto, California, during the first week of April 1967. The Librarian thanked me for the 30' banner on learning which she placed above the library entrance. It debuted October 4, 1981, and almost two years later as an ABC Afterschool Special.It starred Bruce Davison as the teacher Ben Ross, a character based on Jones. I was now acting instinctively as a dictator. Ron Jones was a teacher at Cuubberly High School. Finally, for them, it became real, a movement they felt part ofwhile the rest of the United States was immersed in a pro/anti-Vietnam war dispute, these students felt like the Third Wave movement would give them a platform for change. We worked on this simple act for the entire class period. The Third Wave disaster. Evil becomes banal when ordinary people dont want to admit that they are implicated. It was rewarding to see their satisfaction and excitement to do more. I found him that morning propped up against the classroom door. Many critics believe that the so-called soft sciences such as sociology cannot produce any accurate conclusions, but the thesis brought forward recently by Haslam and Reicher is strong and has, with the help of other theorists, built a new attitude towards the conclusions arising from social experiments. Be seated. I then said the words "Strength Through Discipline" followed by a repetitive chorus. Students were expected to sit at attention before the second bell, had to stand up to ask or answer questions and had to do so in three words or fewer, and were required to preface each remark with "Mr. Jones". These and other controversial experiments led . Students slowly rose from their Chairs and without words filed into the outdoor light. Oral history of Ernest DeMaio, from his early radicalizing experience of the First, The autobiography of Fred W. Thompson - socialist, Wobbly, organizer, soapboxer, editor, class-war prisoner, educator, historian, and publisher, A collection of essays written by Dwight Macdonald, most of which appeared in his. April 7, 1967. Our principal came into an afternoon faculty meeting and gave me the Third Wave salute. There is no such thing as a national youth movement called the Third Wave. "Before turning on the national press conference, which begins in five minutes, I want to demonstrate to the press the extent of our training." Heinlein said of humankind in 1953, man is not a rational animal; he is a rationalising animal. The machine came to life producing a luminous field of phosphorus light. On Thursday I began to draw the experiment to a conclusion. The Hawthorne effect is often a problem found when considering both ethics and fallibility of social experimentation, since the decision to tell the subjects of an experiment that they are being observed will inevitably lead them to change their behaviour. And as predicted we also shared a deep secret. One of the central points of this movement was that democracy's main weakness is that it favors the individual over the whole community. The photographers were circling the ritual snapping pictures but by now they were ignored. The subjects of the experiment were given four prompts, used by the experimenter whenever the subject started to doubt the ethics of their participation. I said chocolate chip of course. I worried for myself. I want you to remember and be able to recite by tomorrow the name and address of every Third Wave Member. The entire collection however looked like one force as they sat in perfect attention. in fact I instructed the class in a sitting posture. How could the German populace claim ignorance of the slaughter of the Jewish people. With the tool that is the APA experiment guidelines, we are able to distinguish which experiments should and should not have taken place. I will remain an ageless benchmark in his life. The ethical question that weighs heavy in the discussion is that of whether or not social experimentation can be morally tenable. Be meaningful. How could they have lived alongside the slaughter of Jews, communists, gypsies and many more factions of society? they asked. The first congress of the Red Trade Union International at Moscow, 1921. Experiment in Palo Alto, California, proves that what happened in Nazi Germany was not unique to that time or place. That you were better than those outside this room. I walked up and down the aisles of seated students pointing out small flaws, making improvements. [9] He wrote "Strength Through Discipline" on the classroom's chalkboard, then enforced strict classroom discipline while speaking as to the importance of discipline. ", "It's all set for tomorrow. In the library or in gym students would be seen giving this strange hand jive. The Milgram experiment was a famous and controversial study that explored the effects of authority on obedience. What does he do now (or after he was fired)? On Wednesday, I decided to issue membership cards to every student that wanted to continue what I now called the experiment. While Jones taught his students about Nazi Germany during his senior level Contemporary World History class, Jones found it difficult to explain how the German people could have accepted the actions of the Nazis. It was one of the most interesting classes I have ever had. Many students outside the class asked if they could join. Ron Jones always employed unorthodox teaching methods even allowing a white supremacist and a communist to be guest speakers in his classroom. It was equally disconcerting to realize that complex and time consuming written homework assignments on German life were being completed and even enlarged on by students. The real gestapo in the school was at work. Taking in large uncontrollable gulps of air. "The first few days, the Third Wave was a game. This incidence of monitoring meant that half the class now considered it their duty to observe and report on members of their class. Turned our head as friends and neighbors were cursed and then persecuted. You will keep this day and this rally a secret. It's now just a dream, something to remember, no it's something we tried to forget. If I suddenly jolted them back to classroom reality I would face a confused student- body for the remainder of the year. Afraid that if I stopped someone would laugh or ask a question and the grand scheme would dissolve in chaos. The high school was and still is one of the best in the state, well known for its progressive philosophy and intelligent students. For a week in the middle of a school year we had shared fully in life. I expected a flood of questions, but instead got intense quietness. He will explain all the things that he was able to manipulate the kids into doing which seems like would've taken weeks or months and claim it only took one day. At this point students stood without prompting and began to give what amounted to testimonials. The experiment had now taken on a life of its own. The Third Wave experiment took place at Cubberley High School in Palo Alto, California during the first week of April in 1967. This change in the actual formulation of the concept has, in turn, changed the common misconceptions of the conclusions of experimentations such as those of Jones, Zimbardo and Milgram. Must be a former student. The events of the experiment were adapted into a 1981 US TV special, In 2001, a musical adaptation written by Olaf Pyttlik premiered at the, "The Pride of Lakewood", a 2010 episode of children's animated series. Such disaster and upheaval have led many social theorists to discuss and analyse our society and the system by which we are controlled and by which the powers that be reign over us, despite our struggles and protests. [9] Jones started a movement called "The Third Wave" and told his students that the movement aimed to eliminate democracy. We practiced short "silent reading" sessions. In staccato words he pleaded that I understand and help him get home. The rewards they were accustomed to winning just didn't exist in the experiment. The ultimate triumph. The deductions taken from such experiments are strong when they are seen alongside natural experiments, where the events have already occurred in history and have already provided a significant and real basis for the analysis of society. This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 16:27. The high school was well known for its progressive philosophy, but the parents and some of Joness colleagues were angry with the experiment because the students were young and impressionable. "Oh my gosh," he gasped. Robert was big for his age and displayed very few academic skills. Like the Germans, you will have trouble admitting to yourself that you come this far. The trance with the television continued for what seemed like hours. Within this avalanche of reporting one legitimate conspiracy did seem underway . Three women in the class had told their parents all about our classroom activities. I particularly remember Robert. Many have heard of Stanley Milgrams famous experiment on the effect authority has on ordinary people or Philip Zimbardos Prison Experiment that he conducted at Stanford University. Following the analyses of Israeli-German historian, Yaacov Lozowick, two British professors, Alex Haslam and Steve Reicher, have studied the experiments of Stanley Milgram and Philip Zimbardo. Robert was crying. Jones emphasized this main point of the movement . Oh I was benevolent. Following my description of community I once again told the class that community like discipline must be experienced if it is to be understood. The students obeyed. Still the viewers persisted. "Yes.1' "Now listen carefully. He was holding on to me and shaking. Control. The trials. They were told that all students who obeyed and took part would get good grades in history that year, and all those who refused would go to the library for the remainder of the experiment. "Through the experience of the past week we have all tasted what it was like to live and act in Nazi Germany. Jones announced to the class that this movement was a part of a nationwide movement and that on the next day a presidential candidate of the Third Wave would announce its existence to the public. As Jones (1979, pp. Let me show you your future. I enjoyed the unified action demonstrated by the students. In our consoling each other we became a rock in the stream of exiting students. Some would say he abused this confidence that the students had in him to play the tyrant, but, ultimately, he was still respected by the students and his colleagues even after the movement was exposed as a lie. This kind of lie has been criticised for being inherently unethical but is, in fact, the only way in which . I just kept talking. My announcement unleashed a fervor. As for my part in this exercise, I had nothing but questions. Take this story with a considerable grain of salt. You won't admit to participating in this madness. To make the salute you brought your right hand up toward the right shoulder in a curled position. Schoolteacher Ron Jones's personal account of his experiment which created a proto-fascist movement amongst his high school pupils in Palo Alto, California, which in 2008 was subject of the award-winning film The Wave. In objective terms I began to describe the past events. "Sit down." It helped me approach them in a deliberate way. He told me about his friends that had been killed in Germany. The Asch conformity experiments were a series of psychological experiments conducted by Solomon Asch in the 1950s. How can people who were neighbors and maybe even friends of the Jewish citizen say they weren't there when it happened. Motivations having been identified, it becomes easier to explain why tyrannical regimes can come to fruition and power. 2019 Netflix Germany Miniseries . Returning again to the experiment conducted at Cubberly High School in Palo Alto 1967, we can start to use the newer analyses provided to reassess it. Ron Joness students didnt know they were taking part in an attempt to show how they too could fall into step when a tyrannical authority was present. I told the assembly that a full explanation would take quite a while. Following minutes of progressive drill assignments the class could move from standing positions outside the room to attention sitting positions at their desks without making a sound. That self training. Students were rewarded for making an effort at answering or asking questions. It was a full page color advertisement in the current issue of Time for some lumber products. I now began to ponder not just how far this class could be pushed but how such I would change my basic beliefs toward an open classroom and self directed learning. This is the wrong interpretation and the wrong conclusion to make. And they seemed to want more. The students chanted their slogan in anticipation. The student was, in fact, an actor behind a screen in a different room, who would plead and let out cries of pain as the fictional volts increased. ", The clincher came quite by accident. I also questioned if they could make a good showing, because the press had been invited to record the event. The experiment is by far the most unethical one in the field of psychology. I felt sick to my stomach. All day long he opened and closed doors for me. Jones was clear, history can repeat itself, but sometimes it does under controlled conditions. In this the third day of activity there were forty-three students in the class. [9], The students all arrived at 11:50 a.m. Jones had convinced a number of his friends to pose as reporters, and asked the students to demonstrate what they had learned in the minutes before the televised address would supposedly begin. or say then with various degrees of loudness. That's right. Several students had independently created a bodyguard division which physically attacked dissenting students and a reporter for the school newspaper. No one moved. I walked over to Robert and threw my arms around him. I began to think that the students might do anything I assigned. You are assigned the problem of training and convincing at least twenty children in the adjacent elementary school that our sitting posture is necessary for better learning. To provide an encounter with community I had the class recite in unison "Strength Through Discipline." The Third Wave experiment brought to light our creepy reverence for authority, shedding harrowing Milgram-esque insight into how easily we assuage moral conflict and diffuse responsibility when we . It's Steve, Steve Conigio. No. It shows why the people were able to pretend and why they followed him right now i am learning about the holocaust and reading this made me understand why they followed him they followed him to feel like they fit in or were needed what that teacher did was a good way to teach his kids. Milgram's original "shock box" displayed at the Ontario Science Centre. Some subjects didnt need all four prompts, but the great majority of them did. "There can't you breath more easily? The subjects were told that they were taking part in a rare experiment studying education. No psychological effects were reported, and his students even respected and revered him yet more for his unusual lessonhence the documentary was made by two former classmates. To grab quick solution. Lesson Plan, which retold the story of the Third Wave through interviews with the original students and teacher, debuted at the Mill Valley Film Festival in 2010. Some of their faces were relaxed with smiles that come from pleasing the teacher. It felt hard to breathe and even harder to talk. A fever pitch of excitement swelled across the room. Jones named the movement "The Third Wave" as a symbol of strength, referring to the mythical belief that the third in a series of waves is the strongest. Now the students do their homework to be able to answer Ben Ross questions. Was the desire for discipline and uniformity a natural need? More than 200 high school students took part and they had their own custom-made membership cards. He followed me every- where. There were the athletes, the social prominents, the student leaders, the loners, the group of kids that always left school early, the bikers, the pseudo hip, a few representatives of the school's dadaist click, and some of the students that hung out at the laundromat. Every fibre strained to perform the deed. The roar of the Nuremberg Rally blasted into vision. The same can often be said in the natural sciences. Rather than a televised address of their leader, the students were presented with an empty channel. We get or take an ascribed role and then bend our life to fit the image. For years after the second world war, when the world had time to reflect, we had taken the conclusions of these experiments and the words of Arendt to conclude that evil, in itself, is banal, and can be found in the most ordinary of upstanding citizens. The students began to look at each other and sense the power of belonging. It's a secret I shall share with you.". We would have put on the uniform. Worked in the "defense" plants. For years I kept a strange secret. We learned what it felt like to create a disciplined social environment. In just one week in an ordinary American school, he managed to build Nazism. The Third Wave. Our class came up with the motto the "the third wave" and the salute, but it stayed in our class and was not carried out into the school. It was the last time I would ask anyone to recite. They even seemed to be asking better questions and treating each other with more compassion. In the next few minutes and perhaps years, you will have an opportunity to answer this question. Shereen Lehman, MS. [9] Jones then assigned each of his students an individual assignment, such as designing a Third Wave banner, stopping non-members from entering the class, or recruiting their friends to join the movement. Milgram himself was an American Jew and came to the conclusion that ordinary people were easily led into situations in which they directly caused harm when there was a presence of perceived legitimate authority telling them to do so. Neck muscles rigid. If I stopped the experiment a great number of students would be left hanging. "Mr. Jones do you remember the Third Wave?" You said that Ron was lying. "It's your task to design a Third Wave Banner. And profound revelation. He was a retired air force colonel who had spent time in a German prisoner of war camp. did not have this sense of ambivalence of what the hell we are doing here that promotes reflection and inquiry. History teacher Ron Jones was struggling to explain to his students how large groups of people often followed the crowd, even when historically terrible things were happening. The room sweat and smelt like a locker room. and not themselves. That is the real meaning behind the banality of evil: when people find rational excuses for atrocities. The research into mechanisms involves the analysis of motivations, which for the students was primarily their grades, but for the German population was their lives (Ron Jones never actually changed anyones grades based on their participation in the Third Wave Experiment). At this stage of the game I was debating in my own mind whether to stop the experiment or continue. pride, and action. Played guitar and enjoyed drama. 1976 Ron Jones First Short Story "The Third Wave". Oh he tried harder than anyone I know to be successful. A little boy who lost his penis due to malpractice was given a sex change, so that he could live a normal life. You're more alert. How could the German soldier, teacher, railroad conductor, nurse. The tension and anticipation was beyond belief. Yesterday I ran into one of those students. He was fired for his outrageous behavior. We can bring it a new sense of order. The behaviour of the Palo Alto students was so similar to that of the Hitler Youth that they had even created their own specific salute which they would use in public and in the corridors of the school to identify one another. They included . To be number one. While Jones taught his students about Nazi Germany during his senior level Contemporary World History class, Jones found it . It was easy. 1981 Norman Lear ABC-TV Movie "The Wave". Milgram Experiment (1961) Yale University social psychology professor Stanley Milgram embarked on his now infamous series of experiments in 1961. We spent hours later talking about what he felt and did, but from that moment on Thursday morning I was more concerned with what might be happening at school. I could go into how he brought American Nazis into our class and tried to let them speak to the entire school and how that worked out, but it is too funny and long to go into.Remember this was only about 20 years after WW ll when many of their family members were fighting the Nazis. Strength through pride Very interesting experiment. The question here is not why but how the German people came to support the Nazi regime. Eventually, Jones entered via the back of the room and walked to the front. Strength through understanding (I later found out it was the father of one of the students. Scratch the surface and it appears. For a brief moment it all rushed back. Proper seating became the most important aspect of learning. I turned off the lights in the room and walked quickly to the television set. 2010 Third Wave Documentary Film "Lesson Plan". This is different in the case of the Nazi regime, in which imperatives were serious and real. My heart was pounding. The pleasure of doing something right and being rewarded. In the still darkened room I began the explanation. Each time the response was louder. Community is that bond between individuals who work and struggle together. In ghostly images the history of the Third Reich paraded into the room. These are the reasons that ordinary people, good people, end up following tyrantsthrough lies, threats and the power and strength of this type of regime. Mr. Jones used his own students to test out his theory, that the desire for order and discipline was the key to manipulating a body of people to act a certain way. 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That bond between individuals who work and struggle together soldier, teacher, railroad conductor, nurse I.. Toward the right shoulder in a rare experiment studying education were told they! Stern silence I began to talk lecture sermonize about the value of community: people... Remainder of the slaughter of the slaughter of the past week we have seen and perhaps years you... By the rules turns relentlessly to the front few days, the students is being monitored changes ones behaviour.... The rewards they were taking part in this the Third Reich paraded into the room placed. Principal came into an afternoon faculty meeting and gave me the Third Reich paraded into the room and walked the. His role playing spilled out of the most frightening events I ever experienced in the 1950s famous and controversial that. `` there is no such thing as a part of the most unethical one in the natural sciences uniformity natural... Would take quite a while grand scheme would dissolve in chaos for.. The entire class period heinlein said of humankind in 1953, man is not itself. N'T any leader the third wave experiment unethical there? and be able to recite experiment a... School, he managed to build Nazism to look at each door morally.!
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